IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i6p3302-d518790.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comparative Study of the Robustness and Resilience of Retail Areas in Seoul, Korea before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak, Using Big Data

Author

Listed:
  • Dongjun Kim

    (Department of Urban Planning & Design, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea)

  • Jinsung Yun

    (Department of Urban Planning & Design, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea)

  • Kijung Kim

    (Senior Researcher, SH Urban Research Institute, Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation, Seoul 02504, Korea)

  • Seungil Lee

    (Department of Urban Planning & Design, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea)

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the robustness and resilience of retail areas in Seoul, based on the changes in sales before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The spatial range and temporal scope of the study were set as district- and community-level retail areas in Seoul, from January 2019 to August 2020, to consider the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data used in this study comprised sales information from the retail sector, namely Shinhan Card sales data for domestic and foreigners by business type in Seoul, provided by Seoul Big Data Campus. We classified the retail areas based on the change in sales before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, using time series clustering. The results of this study showed that time series clustering based on the change in sales can be used to classify retail areas. The similarities and differences were confirmed by comparing the functional and structural characteristics of the district- and community-level retail areas by cluster and by retail area type. Furthermore, we derived knowledge on the decline and recovery of retail areas before and after a national crisis such as the emergence of a COVID-19 wave, which can provide significant information for sustainable retail area management and regional economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Dongjun Kim & Jinsung Yun & Kijung Kim & Seungil Lee, 2021. "A Comparative Study of the Robustness and Resilience of Retail Areas in Seoul, Korea before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak, Using Big Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3302-:d:518790
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3302/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3302/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nilsson, Pia, 2016. "The influence of related and unrelated industry diversity on retail firm failure," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 219-227.
    2. Aarstad, Jarle & Kvitastein, Olav A. & Jakobsen, Stig-Erik, 2016. "Related and unrelated variety as regional drivers of enterprise productivity and innovation: A multilevel study," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 844-856.
    3. Abid Mehmood, 2016. "Of resilient places: planning for urban resilience," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 407-419, February.
    4. Carolina Castaldi & Koen Frenken & Bart Los, 2015. "Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Technological Breakthroughs: An analysis of US State-Level Patenting," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(5), pages 767-781, May.
    5. Koen Frenken & Frank Van Oort & Thijs Verburg, 2007. "Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Economic Growth," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(5), pages 685-697.
    6. Anonymous, 2014. "Introduction to the Issue," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 109-110, August.
    7. Teller, Christoph & Reutterer, Thomas, 2008. "The evolving concept of retail attractiveness: What makes retail agglomerations attractive when customers shop at them?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 127-143.
    8. Frank M.H. Neffke & Martin Henning & Ron Boschma, 2012. "The impact of aging and technological relatedness on agglomeration externalities: a survival analysis," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(2), pages 485-517, March.
    9. Anonymous, 2014. "Introduction to the Issue," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(1), pages 1-2, May.
    10. Thomas C. Powell, 2001. "Competitive advantage: logical and philosophical considerations," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(9), pages 875-888, September.
    11. Abel Brodeur & David Gray & Anik Islam & Suraiya Bhuiyan, 2021. "A literature review of the economics of COVID‐19," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 1007-1044, September.
    12. Rik Chakraborti & Gavin Roberts, 2020. "Anti-Gouging Laws, Shortages, and COVID-19: Insights from Consumer Searches," Journal of Private Enterprise, The Association of Private Enterprise Education, vol. 35(Winter 20), pages 1-20.
    13. Chen, Tianyi & Shi, Xiupeng & Wong, Yiik Diew, 2021. "A lane-changing risk profile analysis method based on time-series clustering," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 565(C).
    14. Giulio Cainelli & Donato Iacobucci, 2012. "Agglomeration, Related Variety, and Vertical Integration," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 88(3), pages 255-277, July.
    15. Beaudry, Catherine & Schiffauerova, Andrea, 2009. "Who's right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 318-337, March.
    16. Matthias Knecht, 2014. "Diversification, Industry Dynamism, and Economic Performance," Springer Books, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-658-02677-6, December.
    17. Renáta Kosová & Francine Lafontaine, 2010. "Survival And Growth In Retail And Service Industries: Evidence From Franchised Chains," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(3), pages 542-578, September.
    18. D’Urso, Pierpaolo & Cappelli, Carmela & Di Lallo, Dario & Massari, Riccardo, 2013. "Clustering of financial time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(9), pages 2114-2129.
    19. Niels Joachim Gormsen & Ralph S J Koijen & Nikolai Roussanov, 0. "Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 574-597.
    20. Jizhou Huang & Haifeng Wang & Haoyi Xiong & Miao Fan & An Zhuo & Ying Li & Dejing Dou, 2020. "Quantifying the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Mainland China Using Human Mobility Data," Papers 2005.03010, arXiv.org.
    21. Giulio Cainelli & Donato Iacobucci, 2012. "Agglomeration, Related Variety, and Vertical Integration," Economic Geography, Clark University, vol. 88(3), pages 255-277, July.
    22. Yoon, Heeyeun, 2018. "Interrelationships between retail clusters in different hierarchies, land value and property development: A panel VAR approach," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 245-257.
    23. Anthony Howell & Canfei He & Rudai Yang & C. Cindy Fan, 2018. "Agglomeration, (un)‐related variety and new firm survival in China," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(3), pages 485-500, August.
    24. Ning, Ye & Han, Chenyu & Wang, Yiming, 2018. "The multifractal properties of Euro and Pound exchange rates and comparisons," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 578-587.
    25. Padilla, Armando Ortuño & Blanco, Jairo Casares, 2020. "Shopping centre clusters: Competition or synergies? The case of the region of murcia (Spain)," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    26. Félix Iglesias & Wolfgang Kastner, 2013. "Analysis of Similarity Measures in Times Series Clustering for the Discovery of Building Energy Patterns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-19, January.
    27. Montero, Pablo & Vilar, José A., 2014. "TSclust: An R Package for Time Series Clustering," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 62(i01).
    28. David Mowery, 2011. "Nanotechnology and the US national innovation system: continuity and change," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 36(6), pages 697-711, December.
    29. Christophe Genolini & René Ecochard & Mamoun Benghezal & Tarak Driss & Sandrine Andrieu & Fabien Subtil, 2016. "kmlShape: An Efficient Method to Cluster Longitudinal Data (Time-Series) According to Their Shapes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-24, June.
    30. Sam Tavassoli & Viroj Jienwatcharamongkhol, 2016. "Survival of entrepreneurial firms: the role of agglomeration externalities," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(9-10), pages 746-767, October.
    31. Mark D. Partridge & Dan S. Rickman, 1999. "Static and Dynamic Externalities, Industry Composition, and State Labor Productivity: A Panel Study of States," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 66(2), pages 319-335, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Boine Kim & Byoung-Goo Kim, 2023. "An Explorative Study of Resilience Influence on Business Performance of Korean Manufacturing Venture Enterprise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. S. Stavropoulos & F. G. Oort & M. J. Burger, 2020. "Heterogeneous relatedness and firm productivity," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 65(2), pages 403-437, October.
    2. Naldi, Lucia & Criaco, Giuseppe & Patel, Pankaj C., 2020. "Related and unrelated industry variety and the internationalization of start-ups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
    3. Timmermans, Bram & Fitjar, Rune Dahl, 2015. "Skill Relatedness in Norway by Bram Timmermans and Rune Dahl Fitjar," UiS Working Papers in Economics and Finance 2015/20, University of Stavanger.
    4. Park, Jeong-Il, 2020. "Industrial diversity in building units and factors associated with diversity: A case study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(5).
    5. Frank Van Oort, 2013. "Agglomeration Economics Beyond the Specialisation-Diversity Controversy," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1313, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Aug 2013.
    6. Liang, Jiaochen & Goetz, Stephan J., 2018. "Technology intensity and agglomeration economies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(10), pages 1990-1995.
    7. Ejdemo, Thomas & Örtqvist, Daniel, 2020. "Related variety as a driver of regional innovation and entrepreneurship: A moderated and mediated model with non-linear effects," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(7).
    8. Mikhail Martynovich & Josef Taalbi, 2020. "Related variety, recombinant knowledge and regional innovation. Evidence for Sweden, 1991-2010," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2015, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Mar 2020.
    9. Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, Jon Mikel & Porto Gómez, Igone & Aguirre Larracoechea, Urko, 2020. "Technological diversification: a matter of related or unrelated varieties?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    10. Nicola Cortinovis & Frank Oort, 2015. "Variety, economic growth and knowledge intensity of European regions: a spatial panel analysis," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 55(1), pages 7-32, October.
    11. Giulio Cainelli & Andrea Fracasso & Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti, 2015. "Spatial agglomeration and productivity in Italy: A panel smooth transition regression approach," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94, pages 39-67, November.
    12. Tavassoli, Sam & Obschonka, Martin & Audretsch, David B., 2021. "Entrepreneurship in Cities," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
    13. Park, Jeong-Il & Choi, Taelim, 2024. "Regional factors associated with smart factory adoption in South Korea," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    14. Kim, Jungho & Kollmann, Trevor & Palangkaraya, Alfons & Webster, Elizabeth, 2022. "Does local technological specialisation, diversity and dynamic competition enhance firm creation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(7).
    15. Cheng, Ruiqi & Yuan, Peng & Jiang, Gongxiong, 2023. "Growth, agglomeration externalities, and survival: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing start-ups," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    16. Doehne, Malte & Rost, Katja, 2021. "Long waves in the geography of innovation: The rise and decline of regional clusters of creativity over time," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(9).
    17. Ren Lu & Qing Song & Ting Xia & Daguo Lv & Torger Reve & Ze Jian, 2021. "Unpacking the U‐shaped relationship between related variety and firm sales: Evidence from Japan," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(5), pages 1136-1157, October.
    18. Sohyun Park & Keumsook Lee, 2021. "Examining the Impact of E-Commerce Growth on the Spatial Distribution of Fashion and Beauty Stores in Seoul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, May.
    19. Marte C.W. Solheim & Ron Boschma & Sverre Herstad, 2018. "Related variety, unrelated variety and the novelty content of firm innovation in urban and non-urban locations," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1836, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Oct 2018.
    20. Giulio Cainelli & Roberto Ganau & Marco Modica, 2019. "Does related variety affect regional resilience? New evidence from Italy," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 62(3), pages 657-680, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3302-:d:518790. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.