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Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma

Author

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  • Rita Der Sarkissian

    (Lab’Urba, Université Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 75019 Paris, France)

  • Anas Dabaj

    (Lab’Urba, Université Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 75019 Paris, France
    EPTB Seine Grands Lacs, 12 Rue Villiot, 75012 Paris, France)

  • Youssef Diab

    (Lab’Urba, Université Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 75019 Paris, France)

  • Marc Vuillet

    (Lab’Urba, Université Gustave Eiffel, Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 75019 Paris, France)

Abstract

A limited number of studies in the scientific literature discuss the “Build-Back-Better” (BBB) critical infrastructure (CI) concept. Investigations of its operational aspects and its efficient implementation are even rarer. The term “Better” in BBB is often confusing to practitioners and leads to unclear and non-uniform objectives for guiding accurate decision-making. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a conceptual analysis of BBB’s operational aspects by examining the term “Better”. In its methodological approach, this study evaluates the state of Saint-Martin’s CI before and after Hurricane Irma and, accordingly, reveals the indicators to assess during reconstruction projects. The proposed methods offer practitioners a guidance tool for planning efficient BBB CI projects or for evaluating ongoing programs through the established BBB evaluation grid. Key findings of the study offer insights and a new conceptual equation of the BBB CI by revealing the holistic and interdisciplinary connotations behind the term “Better” CI: “Build-Back-resilient”, “Build-Back-sustainable”, and “Build-Back-accessible to all and upgraded CI”. The proposed explanations can facilitate the efficient application of BBB for CI by operators, stakeholders, and practitioners and can help them to contextualize the term “Better” with respect to their area and its CI systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Rita Der Sarkissian & Anas Dabaj & Youssef Diab & Marc Vuillet, 2021. "Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3133-:d:515893
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stéphane Hallegatte & Jun Rentschler & Brian Walsh, 2018. "Building Back Better," World Bank Publications - Reports 29867, The World Bank Group.
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    3. Tsai-Yun Liao & Ta-Yin Hu & Yi-No Ko, 2018. "A resilience optimization model for transportation networks under disasters," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(1), pages 469-489, August.
    4. Liang Zhao & Fanneng He & Caishan Zhao, 2020. "A Framework of Resilience Development for Poor Villages after the Wenchuan Earthquake Based on the Principle of “Build Back Better”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Reggiani, Aura, 2013. "Network resilience for transport security: Some methodological considerations," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 63-68.
    6. Gwenaël Jouannic & Anaïs Ameline & Kelly Pasquon & Oscar Navarro & Chloé Tran Duc Minh & Abdel Halim Boudoukha & Marie-Aude Corbillé & Denis Crozier & Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi & Julien Gargani & Paul Guér, 2020. "Recovery of the Island of Saint Martin after Hurricane Irma: An Interdisciplinary Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruyang Yin & Peixia Lu, 2022. "A Cluster-First Route-Second Constructive Heuristic Method for Emergency Logistics Scheduling in Urban Transport Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Fabio De Felice & Ilaria Baffo & Antonella Petrillo, 2022. "Critical Infrastructures Overview: Past, Present and Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.

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