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How Can China’s Indium Resources Have a Sustainable Future? Research Based on the Industry Chain Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Lin

    (College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

  • Xin Li

    (College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

  • Minxi Wang

    (College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

  • Litao Liu

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Tao Dai

    (Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract

Global competition and storage for indium resources are increasing. This paper uses substance flow analysis to quantify the flow of indium in China from 2000 to 2019 and discusses the problems facing China’s indium industry chain. Over the past 20 years, China has mined more than 21,000 tons of indium from the lithosphere, and the accumulated indium content in imported ore is about 3600 tons. In the upper reaches of the industrial chain, the loss of indium exceeded 19,000 tons; in the middle reaches, due to technical barriers, China exported a large amount of indium at low prices and imported a large amount of ITO targets at high prices. The amount of indium in the imported targets exceeded 2100 tons; in the downstream, approximately 60% of the final products were exported abroad. China’s cumulative output of recycled indium was about 630 tons, primary indium output was 5912 tons, and the cumulative inventory of indium reached 3200 tons. Therefore, increasing the recovery rate in the primary production stage, overcoming the technical barriers in the middle of the industry chain, and establishing an efficient recovery system are necessary measures to promote the sustainable development of indium resources and its industry chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Lin & Xin Li & Minxi Wang & Litao Liu & Tao Dai, 2021. "How Can China’s Indium Resources Have a Sustainable Future? Research Based on the Industry Chain Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12042-:d:669459
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valero, Alicia & Valero, Antonio & Calvo, Guiomar & Ortego, Abel, 2018. "Material bottlenecks in the future development of green technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 178-200.
    2. Choi, Chul Hun & Cao, Jinjian & Zhao, Fu, 2016. "System Dynamics Modeling of Indium Material Flows under Wide Deployment of Clean Energy Technologies," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 59-71.
    3. Hayes, Sarah M. & McCullough, Erin A., 2018. "Critical minerals: A review of elemental trends in comprehensive criticality studies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 192-199.
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