IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i17p9529-d620915.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Cross-Destination Analysis of Country Image: A Key Factor of Tourism Marketing

Author

Listed:
  • Enrique Marinao-Artigas

    (Department of Administration, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile)

  • Karla Barajas-Portas

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universidad Anáhuac México, Naucalpan de Juárez 52786, Mexico)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to check whether the image of a country can be configured by the interaction of cognitive and emotional experiences with the functional, hedonic, and symbolic benefits perceived by the visitor. It is intended to verify whether this multidimensional image facilitates the connection between people’s familiarity with the country, its reputation, and their satisfaction. A non-probabilistic convenience sample has been used. An online questionnaire has been applied. In total, 1812 valid answers have been obtained. Through a structural equations model (SEM), the quantitative analysis has been developed. This study revealed that the country’s image has a multidimensional configuration that positively connects people’s familiarity with a country with its reputation and with visitor satisfaction. This proposed new approach to configure the image of a country based on its visitors can be a key tool for implementing destination marketing strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Marinao-Artigas & Karla Barajas-Portas, 2021. "A Cross-Destination Analysis of Country Image: A Key Factor of Tourism Marketing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9529-:d:620915
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9529/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9529/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Murodjon Raimkulov & Husanjon Juraturgunov & Young-joo Ahn, 2021. "Destination Attractiveness and Memorable Travel Experiences in Silk Road Tourism in Uzbekistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Strzelecka, Marianna & Nisbett, Gwendelyn S. & Woosnam, Kyle M., 2017. "The hedonic nature of conservation volunteer travel," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 417-425.
    3. Zaichkowsky, Judith Lynne, 1985. "Measuring the Involvement Construct," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 12(3), pages 341-352, December.
    4. Yu-Shan Chen, 2010. "The Drivers of Green Brand Equity: Green Brand Image, Green Satisfaction, and Green Trust," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 93(2), pages 307-319, May.
    5. Gao, Jie & Kerstetter, Deborah L., 2018. "From sad to happy to happier: Emotion regulation strategies used during a vacation," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Rust, Roland T., 2020. "The future of marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 15-26.
    7. Choi, Jeong Gil & Tkachenko, Tamara & Sil, Shomir, 2011. "On the destination image of Korea by Russian tourists," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 193-194.
    8. Abreu Novais, Margarida & Ruhanen, Lisa & Arcodia, Charles, 2018. "Destination competitiveness: A phenomenographic study," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 324-334.
    9. Ekinci, Yuksel & Sirakaya-Turk, Ercan & Preciado, Sandra, 2013. "Symbolic consumption of tourism destination brands," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 711-718.
    10. Veasna, Sou & Wu, Wann-Yih & Huang, Chu-Hsin, 2013. "The impact of destination source credibility on destination satisfaction: The mediating effects of destination attachment and destination image," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 511-526.
    11. Foroudi, Pantea & Melewar, T.C. & Gupta, Suraksha, 2014. "Linking corporate logo, corporate image, and reputation: An examination of consumer perceptions in the financial setting," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(11), pages 2269-2281.
    12. Sarkar Sengupta, Aditi & Balaji, M.S. & Krishnan, Balaji C., 2015. "How customers cope with service failure? A study of brand reputation and customer satisfaction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 665-674.
    13. Pike, Steven & Page, Stephen J., 2014. "Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 202-227.
    14. Llodrà-Riera, Isabel & Martínez-Ruiz, María Pilar & Jiménez-Zarco, Ana Isabel & Izquierdo-Yusta, Alicia, 2015. "A multidimensional analysis of the information sources construct and its relevance for destination image formation," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 319-328.
    15. Byun, Jaemun & Jang, SooCheong (Shawn), 2015. "Effective destination advertising: Matching effect between advertising language and destination type," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 31-40.
    16. Lai, Fujun & Griffin, Mitch & Babin, Barry J., 2009. "How quality, value, image, and satisfaction create loyalty at a Chinese telecom," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(10), pages 980-986, October.
    17. Mohammad Shabib Khasawneh & Ashraf Mohammad Alfandi, 2019. "Determining behaviour intentions from the overall destination image and risk perception," Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 25(2), pages 355-375, December.
    18. Su, Lujun & Swanson, Scott R. & Chinchanachokchai, Sydney & Hsu, Maxwell K. & Chen, Xiaohong, 2016. "Reputation and intentions: The role of satisfaction, identification, and commitment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 3261-3269.
    19. Wang, Xia & Li, Xiang (Robert) & Zhen, Feng & Zhang, JinHe, 2016. "How smart is your tourist attraction?: Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 309-320.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Beata Jolanta Gierczak-Korzeniowska & Mateusz Stopa & Krzysztof Szpara, 2022. "Methodology of Cyclical Research of the Tourist Image of Podkarpackie Province (Poland)—A Proposal of a Solution and Selected Research Results," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Foroudi, Pantea & Akarsu, Tuğra Nazlı & Ageeva, Elena & Foroudi, Mohammad M. & Dennis, Charles & Melewar, T.C., 2018. "PROMISING THE DREAM: Changing destination image of London through the effect of website place," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 97-110.
    2. Molinillo, Sebastian & Liébana-Cabanillas, Francisco & Anaya-Sánchez, Rafael & Buhalis, Dimitrios, 2018. "DMO online platforms: Image and intention to visit," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 116-130.
    3. Molinillo, Sebastian & Japutra, Arnold & Ekinci, Yuksel, 2022. "Building brand credibility: The role of involvement, identification, reputation and attachment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Can, Ali Selcuk & Ekinci, Yuksel & Pino, Giovanni, 2021. "Joint brand advertising for emerging heritage sites," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Ki-Hoon Lee & Minwoo Lee & Nuwan Gunarathne, 2019. "Do green awards and certifications matter? Consumers’ perceptions, green behavioral intentions, and economic implications for the hotel industry: A Sri Lankan perspective," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(4), pages 593-612, June.
    6. Mohammad Tipu Sultan & Farzana Sharmin & Alina Badulescu & Darie Gavrilut & Ke Xue, 2021. "Social Media-Based Content towards Image Formation: A New Approach to the Selection of Sustainable Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Chiou‐Fong Wei & Chang‐Tang Chiang & Tun‐Chih Kou & Bruce C Y Lee, 2017. "Toward Sustainable Livelihoods: Investigating the Drivers of Purchase Behavior for Green Products," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(5), pages 626-639, July.
    8. Wang, Saerom & Kirillova, Ksenia & Lehto, Xinran, 2017. "Reconciling unsatisfying tourism experiences: Message type effectiveness and the role of counterfactual thinking," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 233-243.
    9. Souiden, Nizar & Amara, Nabil & Chaouali, Walid, 2020. "Optimal image mix cues and their impacts on consumers’ purchase intention," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    10. Krishnamurthy, Anup & Kumar, S. Ramesh, 2018. "Electronic word-of-mouth and the brand image: Exploring the moderating role of involvement through a consumer expectations lens," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 149-156.
    11. Veasna, Sou & Wu, Wann-Yih & Huang, Chu-Hsin, 2013. "The impact of destination source credibility on destination satisfaction: The mediating effects of destination attachment and destination image," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 511-526.
    12. Mariani, Marcello M. & Di Felice, Marco & Mura, Matteo, 2016. "Facebook as a destination marketing tool: Evidence from Italian regional Destination Management Organizations," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 321-343.
    13. Foroudi, Pantea & Cuomo, Maria Teresa & Foroudi, Mohammad M. & Katsikeas, Constantine S. & Gupta, Suraksha, 2020. "Linking identity and heritage with image and a reputation for competition," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 317-325.
    14. Mihai F. Băcilă & Raluca Ciornea & Luiza M. Souca & Alexandra M. Drule, 2022. "Content Analysis on Sustainability Dimensions in DMOs’ Social Media Videos Advertising the World’s Most Visited Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    15. Xiaoping Gu & Carter A. Hunt & Xiang Jia & Lijun Niu, 2022. "Evaluating Nature-Based Tourism Destination Attractiveness with a Fuzzy-AHP Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-23, June.
    16. Abdullah Isam Qubbaj & Angel Peiró-Signes & Mohammad Najjar, 2023. "The Effect of Green Certificates on the Purchasing Decisions of Online Customers in Green Hotels: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, March.
    17. Foroudi, Mohammad Mahdi & Balmer, John M.T. & Chen, Weifeng & Foroudi, Pantea & Patsala, Paschalia, 2020. "Explicating place identity attitudes, place architecture attitudes, and identification triad theory," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 321-336.
    18. Ageeva, Elena & Melewar, T.C. & Foroudi, Pantea & Dennis, Charles & Jin, Zhongqi, 2018. "Examining the influence of corporate website favorability on corporate image and corporate reputation: Findings from fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 287-304.
    19. Tourky, Marwa & Alwi, Sharifah Faridah Syed & Kitchen, Philip & Melewar, T.C. & Shaalan, Ahmed, 2020. "New conceptualization and measurement of corporate identity: Evidence from UK food and beverage industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 595-606.
    20. Zhang, Hongmei & Fu, Xiaoxiao & Cai, Liping A. & Lu, Lin, 2014. "Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 213-223.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9529-:d:620915. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.