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The Effect of Agricultural Environmental Total Factor Productivity on Urban-Rural Income Gap: Integrated View from China

Author

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  • Qiang Li

    (College of Continuing Education, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China)

  • Xiaohang Wu

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China)

  • Yi Zhang

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China)

  • Yafei Wang

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China)

Abstract

Agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) provides a measure of the efficiency of agricultural production, allowing for comparisons across time, countries and regions. Agricultural environmental total factor productivity not only considers the desired output, but also takes resource efficiency and environment friendliness into account. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis with slack-based measure (DEA-SBM) super-efficiency model, this research measures the agricultural environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) of 30 provincial regions in China. Based on the measurements, the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model and estimation method were used to empirically test the effects on the agricultural ETFP for the urban-rural income gap. The results indicated that from 2001 to 2017, agricultural ETFP in China grew at an average annual rate of 4.3%, and the technological progress and technical efficiency after decomposition increased by 3.6% and 5.9% respectively. The findings indicated that the agricultural ETFP growth has not only failed in narrowing urban-rural income gap, but further widened it. Changes in industrial structure, upgrades in market demand and increases in human capital have instigated the ever alarming urban-rural income gap. Indeed, the economic acceleration has a restraining effect on the urban-rural income gap.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang Li & Xiaohang Wu & Yi Zhang & Yafei Wang, 2020. "The Effect of Agricultural Environmental Total Factor Productivity on Urban-Rural Income Gap: Integrated View from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:8:p:3327-:d:347810
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    Cited by:

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    2. Dan Pan & Jinlong Zhou & Yi Yu & Shengdong Chen, 2024. "Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform and Urban-Rural Income Gap: A County-Scale Big Data Analysis in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, August.
    3. Ping Zhang & Weiwei Li & Kaixu Zhao & Sidong Zhao, 2021. "Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Income Gap in Gansu Province of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-29, September.
    4. Boima M. Bernard & Yanping Song & Sehresh Hena & Fayyaz Ahmad & Xin Wang, 2022. "Assessing Africa’s Agricultural TFP for Food Security and Effects on Human Development: Evidence from 35 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Lingui Qin & Songqi Liu & Cuijing Zhan & Xiaofang Duan & Shuaishuai Li & Yao Hou, 2023. "Impact of China’s Local Government Competition and Environmental Regulation on Total Factor Productivity," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440231, March.
    6. Jianxu Liu & Xiaoqing Li & Shutong Liu & Sanzidur Rahman & Songsak Sriboonchitta, 2022. "Addressing Rural–Urban Income Gap in China through Farmers’ Education and Agricultural Productivity Growth via Mediation and Interaction Effects," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, November.
    7. Yanling Lu & Bo Zhong & Quan Fang, 2025. "Research on Fiscal Support for Agriculture, Green Agricultural Productivity, and the Urban–Rural Income Gap: A PVAR Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Chaoxun Ding & Ruidan Zhang, 2021. "The Measurement and Influencing Factors of Total Factor Productivity in the Chinese Rural Distribution Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Bin Fan & Mingyang Li, 2022. "The Effect of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulations on Carbon Emission Efficiency of the Grain Production Industry: Evidence from China’s Inter-Provincial Panel Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-27, November.
    10. Xiaowei Xing & Qingfeng Zhang & Azhong Ye & Guanghui Zeng, 2023. "Mechanism and Empirical Test of the Impact of Consumption Upgrading on Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, January.
    11. Luo Muchen & Rosita Hamdan & Rossazana Ab-Rahim, 2022. "Data-Driven Evaluation and Optimization of Agricultural Environmental Efficiency with Carbon Emission Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    12. Shi, Pengfei & Long, Huibing & Li, Yifei & Li, Xingming & Wang, Xinrui, 2025. "Agricultural green production efficiency within a green finance framework: Empirical evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).

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