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Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Author

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  • Xuhui Ding

    (School of Finance and Economics, Institute of Industrial Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Zhu Fu

    (School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China)

  • Hongwen Jia

    (School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Considering the undesirable output, this paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the slack variable and super efficiency improvement, to measure industrial water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The paper also creatively introduces urbanization level and urban primacy into driver factors’ estimation by stochastic and fixed Tobit models, exploring how urbanization characteristics affected the water utilization in regional industrial production. The results showed that industrial water efficiency has maintained an upward trend during the whole period, while most central and western provinces have shown a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising. However, the industrial water utilization efficiency of central regions is the lowest, and the eastern regions are the highest, catching up with western regions. Utilization efficiency shows an overall convergence during the research period from 2005 to 2017. Regarding the factors’ estimation, both population urbanization and land urbanization negatively affected industrial water utilization efficiency, particularly blind expansion and disorderly development. The urban primacy meant the unbalance of urbanization, which would lead to urban diseases and pollution transfer, while the effects of urban primacy depended on the urbanization level. However, the utilization efficiency of industrial water did not become better automatically along with urbanization development; therefore, the scale and speed of urbanization should be scientifically formulated. The effects of the level of economic development, the advanced industrial structure, and the level of foreign investment are significantly negative.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuhui Ding & Zhu Fu & Hongwen Jia, 2019. "Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:23:p:6571-:d:289391
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    Cited by:

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    2. Xiling Zhang & Yusheng Kong & Xuhui Ding, 2020. "How High-Quality Urbanization Affects Utilization Efficiency of Agricultural Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin under Double Control Action?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Jincai Zhao & Yiyao Wang & Xiufeng Zhang & Qianxi Liu, 2022. "Industrial and Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Process of Urbanization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Lei Wang & Zengrui Qi & Qinghua Pang & Yibo Xiang & Yanli Sun, 2020. "Analysis on the Agricultural Green Production Efficiency and Driving Factors of Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Sisi Que & Hanyu Luo & Liang Wang & Wenqiang Zhou & Shaochun Yuan, 2020. "Canonical Correlation Study on the Relationship between Shipping Development and Water Environment of the Yangtze River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-11, April.
    6. Daxue Kan & Weichiao Huang, 2020. "An Empirical Study of the Impact of Urbanization on Industry Water Footprint in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Singh, Devesh, 2022. "Renewable energy, urban primacy, foreign direct investment, and value-added in European regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 547-561.
    8. Qiuxia Zhou & Changfeng Tong, 2022. "Does Rapid Urbanization Improve Green Water-Use Efficiency? Based on the Investigation of Guangdong Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-12, June.
    9. Hui Zou & Xiaohua Ma, 2021. "Identifying resource and environmental carrying capacity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China: the perspectives of spatial differences and sustainable development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(10), pages 14775-14798, October.

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