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China’s Urban and Rural Development Significantly Affects the Pattern of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production

Author

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  • Tian Zhang

    (Northwest Land and Resource Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

  • Jian Peng

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Xiaoshu Cao

    (Northwest Land and Resource Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

Abstract

Increasing human activities have greatly influenced the ecosystem and the use of ecological resources, and the unbalanced urban–rural development in China (urban and rural areas being two major bases of human activities) has always been accompanied by heterogeneous ecological effects. Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is an integrated indicator quantifying the human domination of productivity and harvest in the biosphere. Identifying the unbalanced constraints of urban and rural development on HANPP has become necessary for improving human–land relationships. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and regional differentiations of the HANPP in China in 2015 and investigated how HANPP and its components responded to unbalanced regional urban–rural development. The results show that the total amount of HANPP was 2.68 PgC and gradually decreased from the southeast to the northwest of China in 2015, representing 60.33% of the NPP pot . In addition, HANPP luc , harvest through cropland, livestock grazing, and forestry contributed 60.70%, 29.86%, 8.53%, and 0.91%, respectively, to the total HANPP, with HANPP luc playing the dominant role in 21 provinces. There was a significant differentiation ( p < 0.05) in the spatial distribution of HANPP (gC/m 2 ), HANPP harv (gC/m 2 ), and HANPP luc (gC/m 2 ), especially between the Huanyong Hu Line and the western–eastern part of China, fundamentally resulting from uneven regional development. In addition, biomass production–consumption decoupling existed in most regions in China, 17 provinces were identified as consumption type, and a universal positive correlation ( p < 0.05) was identified between the production–consumption ratio of occupied biomass and HANPP harv (%HANPP). Different drive mechanisms were found between urban–rural development and HANPP, and each HANPP index was more likely to be affected by urban economy (UE), rural population (RP), and rural agricultural technology (RA) in China. The higher regional average nighttime light intensity, the proportion of the built-up area, and the urban road area corresponded with a large HANPP luc value. Conversely, HANPP would decrease as the proportion of urban green spaces increased. Furthermore, HANPP (%NPP pot ) and HANPP (gC/m 2 ) mostly depended on the rural development index, while HANPP luc and HANPP harv were mainly controlled by urban and rural development, respectively. Our findings help understand, first, how unbalanced regional development influences human-induced biomass occupation, the comprehensive urban ecological construction, and rural ecological restoration and, second, that the overall planning of urban–rural integration development must be strengthened to face greater ecological pressures in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Tian Zhang & Jian Peng & Xiaoshu Cao, 2023. "China’s Urban and Rural Development Significantly Affects the Pattern of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:5:p:1062-:d:1146058
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    1. Xu Lin & Yanbin Qi, 2023. "Influence of Consumption Decisions of Rural Residents in the Context of Rapid Urbanization: Evidence from Sichuan, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, December.

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