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Prediction of Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Helan Farmland Based on Different Prediction Models

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  • Yuhan Zhang

    (School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Youqi Wang

    (Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Yiru Bai

    (School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Ruiyuan Zhang

    (School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Xu Liu

    (School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

  • Xian Ma

    (School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is widely recognized as an essential indicator of the quality of arable soils and the health of ecosystems. In addition, an accurate understanding of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon content for precision digital agriculture is important. In this study, the spatial distribution of organic carbon in topsoil was determined using four common machine learning methods, namely the back-propagation neural network model (BPNN), random forest algorithm model (RF), geographically weighted regression model (GWR), and ordinary Kriging interpolation method (OK), with Helan County as the study area. The prediction accuracies of the four different models were compared in conjunction with multiple sources of auxiliary variables. The prediction accuracies for the four models were BPNN (MRE = 0.066, RMSE = 0.257) > RF (MRE = 0.186, RMSE = 3.320) > GWR (MRE = 0.193, RMSE = 3.595) > OK (MRE = 0.198, RMSE = 4.248). Moreover, the spatial distribution trends for the SOC content predicted with the four different models were similar: high in the western area and low in the eastern area of the study region. The BPNN model better handled the nonlinear relationship between the SOC content and multisource auxiliary variables and presented finer information for spatial differentiation. These results provide an important theoretical basis and data support to explore the spatial distribution trend for SOC content.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuhan Zhang & Youqi Wang & Yiru Bai & Ruiyuan Zhang & Xu Liu & Xian Ma, 2023. "Prediction of Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Helan Farmland Based on Different Prediction Models," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:1984-:d:1268832
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zihao Wu & Yiyun Chen & Yuanli Zhu & Xiangyang Feng & Jianxiong Ou & Guie Li & Zhaomin Tong & Qingwu Yan, 2023. "Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Floodplain Farmland: Implications of Effective Range of Environmental Variables," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Vu, D.H. & Muttaqi, K.M. & Agalgaonkar, A.P., 2015. "A variance inflation factor and backward elimination based robust regression model for forecasting monthly electricity demand using climatic variables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 385-394.
    3. Guozhu Ma & Shenghai Cheng & Wenli He & Yixuan Dong & Shaowu Qi & Naimei Tu & Weixu Tao, 2023. "Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Conditions in Rice Fields with Varying Soil Fertility," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Hu, Songhua & Xiong, Chenfeng & Chen, Peng & Schonfeld, Paul, 2023. "Examining nonlinearity in population inflow estimation using big data: An empirical comparison of explainable machine learning models," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
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