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How Do Non-Agricultural Employment and Regional Selection Affect Farmers’ Domestic Sewage Discharge Behavior? Empirical Evidence from Rural China

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  • Haiqin Ju

    (Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Jia Chen

    (Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Jingwen Xu

    (Department of International Trade, School of Finance and Economics, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi 214121, China)

  • Hongxiao Zhang

    (Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Abstract

In many countries, along with rising rural labor transfer, the problem of rural domestic sewage discharge is becoming increasingly serious due to labor shortages in the villages. It is urgent to solve the environment pollution and health problems of residents which is caused by the massive discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas. Based on the survey data collected from Nanjing Agricultural University in 2020, this paper employs the ordered probit model and the CMP method, to empirically test the impact of non-agricultural employment and regional choice on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge behavior and the moderating effect of environmental cognition and the social network. The results show that: (1) There is a significantly positive correlation between non-agricultural employment and farmers’ sewage treatment behavior. (2) Environmental cognition significantly improves the participation of urban non-agricultural employment farmers in sewage treatment, and the social network has a significant role in promoting the adoption of sewage treatment behavior of local non-agricultural employment farmers. (3) Further heterogeneity analysis results show that the inhibitory effect of urban non-agricultural employment on random sewage discharge is more pronounced than that of local non-agricultural employment. Therefore, in order to effectively solve the problem of rural domestic sewage discharge, it is necessary to actively guide the sewage discharge behavior of non-agricultural employment households, strengthen the social network interaction within the village, and increase the publicity for sewage discharge knowledge.

Suggested Citation

  • Haiqin Ju & Jia Chen & Jingwen Xu & Hongxiao Zhang, 2022. "How Do Non-Agricultural Employment and Regional Selection Affect Farmers’ Domestic Sewage Discharge Behavior? Empirical Evidence from Rural China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10694-:d:899517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Moucheng & Yang, Lun & Bai, Yanying & Min, Qingwen, 2018. "The impacts of farmers’ livelihood endowments on their participation in eco-compensation policies: Globally important agricultural heritage systems case studies from China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 231-239.
    2. De Brauw, Alan, 2007. "Seasonal migration and agriculture in Viet Nam," ESA Working Papers 289046, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
    3. Currie, Janet & Lin, Wanchuan & Meng, Juanjuan, 2013. "Social networks and externalities from gift exchange: Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 19-30.
    4. David Roodman, 2011. "Fitting fully observed recursive mixed-process models with cmp," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 11(2), pages 159-206, June.
    5. Shi, Xiaoping & HEERINK, Nico & QU, Futian, 2011. "Does off-farm employment contribute to agriculture-based environmental pollution? New insights from a village-level analysis in Jiangxi Province, China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 524-533.
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    2. Rui Zhou & Hiroatsu Fukuda & You Li & Yafei Wang, 2023. "Comparison of Willingness to Pay for Quality Air and Renewable Energy Considering Urban Living Experience," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, January.

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