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School Feeding as a Protective Factor against Insulin Resistance: The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)

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  • Aline Bassetto Okamura

    (Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro S/N, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves

    (Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro S/N, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Kênia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho

    (Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro S/N, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to use ERICA data from adolescents from Brazilian public schools to investigate the role of school feeding in insulin resistance markers. Public school students (12–17 years old) with available biochemical examinations were selected. Adolescents answered a self-administered questionnaire, and contextual characteristics were obtained through interviews with principals. A multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model was performed at the contextual and individual levels with each insulin resistance marker (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and blood glucose levels). A total of 27,990 adolescents were evaluated (50.2% female). The prevalence of (1) altered insulin was 12.2% (95% CI; 11.1, 13.5), (2) high HOMA-IR was 24.7% (95% CI; 22.8, 26.7), and (3) high blood glucose was 4.6% (95% CI; 3.8, 5.4). School feeding was positively associated with an insulin resistance marker, decreasing by 0.135 units of HOMA-IR (95% CI; −0.19, −0.08), 0.469 μU/L of insulin levels (95% CI; −0.66, −0.28), and 0.634 mg/dL of blood glucose (95% CI; −0.87, −0.39). In turn, buying food increased blood glucose by 0.455 mg/dL (95% CI; 0.16, 0.75). School feeding was positively associated with insulin resistance variables, demonstrating the potential of planned meals in the school environment to serve as a health promoter for the adolescent population.

Suggested Citation

  • Aline Bassetto Okamura & Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves & Kênia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho, 2022. "School Feeding as a Protective Factor against Insulin Resistance: The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10551-:d:896438
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    1. Sophia Rabe‐Hesketh & Anders Skrondal, 2006. "Multilevel modelling of complex survey data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 169(4), pages 805-827, October.
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