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Validity and Reliability of the Newly Developed Malay-Language Health Belief of Bloating (HB-Bloat) Scale

Author

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  • Nurzulaikha Abdullah

    (Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Yee Cheng Kueh

    (Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Garry Kuan

    (Exercise and Sport Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
    Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Mung Seong Wong

    (Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia)

  • Fatan Hamamah Yahaya

    (School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Yeong Yeh Lee

    (Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
    Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
    St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia)

Abstract

Abdominal bloating (AB), a common complaint that affects quality of life and disturbs psychological well-being, is largely a behavioral-driven disorder. We aimed to develop and validate a new health belief of bloating (HB-Bloat) scale in the Malay language. The initial item pool was developed based on the theory of planned behavior, empirical literatures, expert review and in-depth interviews. Using the population with bloating (diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria and pictogram), exploratory and confirmatory factor analytical approaches (EFA and CFA, respectively) were utilized to explore and confirm the domains in the new scale. There were 150 and 323 respondents in the EFA and CFA, respectively. There were 45 items in the initial scale, but it was reduced to 32 items after content validity and pre-testing. In EFA, 17 items with three (3) structure factors (attitude 4 items, subjective norm 7 items, and perceived behavior control 6 items) were identified. Total variance explained by the EFA model was 40.92%. The Cronbach alpha of the three (3) factors ranged from 0.61 to 0.79. With CFA, the three factors model was further tested. Five problematic items were identified and removed. The final measurement model fit the data well (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.054 (0.038, 0.070), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.941, Tucker–Lewis Fit Index (TLI) = 0.924, and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) = 0.044). The construct reliability of the final measurement model ranged from 0.76 to 0.84. As a conclusion, the new HB-Bloat scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of health beliefs in bloating.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurzulaikha Abdullah & Yee Cheng Kueh & Garry Kuan & Mung Seong Wong & Fatan Hamamah Yahaya & Yeong Yeh Lee, 2020. "Validity and Reliability of the Newly Developed Malay-Language Health Belief of Bloating (HB-Bloat) Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2773-:d:346854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
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