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Health Impact Assessment of Air Pollution in São Paulo, Brazil

Author

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  • Karina Camasmie Abe

    (Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Laboratório de Economia, Saúde e Poluição Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema, São Paulo CEP 09913-030, Brazil)

  • Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia

    (Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Laboratório de Economia, Saúde e Poluição Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema, São Paulo CEP 09913-030, Brazil)

Abstract

Epidemiological research suggests that air pollution may cause chronic diseases, as well as exacerbation of related pathologies such as cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates air pollution scenarios considering a Health Impact Assessment approach in São Paulo, Brazil. We have analyzed abatement scenarios of Particulate Matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM 10 ), <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and ozone concentrations and the health effects on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the period from 2009 to 2011 through the APHEKOM tool, as well as the associated health costs. Considering World Health Organization (WHO) standards of PM 2.5 (10 μg/m 3 ), São Paulo would avoid more than 5012 premature deaths (equivalent to 266,486 life years’ gain) and save US$15.1 billion annually. If São Paulo could even diminish the mean of PM 2.5 by 5 μg/m 3 , nearly 1724 deaths would be avoided, resulting in a gain of US$ 4.96 billion annually. Reduced levels of PM 10 , PM 2.5 and ozone could save lives and an impressive amount of money in a country where economic resources are scarce. Moreover, the reduced levels of air pollution would also lower the demand for hospital care, since hospitalizations would diminish. In this sense, Brazil should urgently adopt WHO air pollution standards in order to improve the quality of life of its population.

Suggested Citation

  • Karina Camasmie Abe & Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia, 2016. "Health Impact Assessment of Air Pollution in São Paulo, Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:7:p:694-:d:73682
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    Cited by:

    1. Meelan Thondoo & David Rojas-Rueda & Joyeeta Gupta & Daniel H. de Vries & Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2019. "Systematic Literature Review of Health Impact Assessments in Low and Middle-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Débora Cynamon Kligerman & Telma Abdalla de Oliveira Cardoso & Simone Cynamon Cohen & Déborah Chein Bueno de Azevedo & Graziella de Araújo Toledo & Ana Paula Chein Bueno de Azevedo & Susanne M. Charle, 2022. "Methodology for a Comprehensive Health Impact Assessment in Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes for Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Caroline Fernanda Hei Wikuats & Thiago Nogueira & Rafaela Squizzato & Edmilson Dias de Freitas & Maria de Fatima Andrade, 2023. "Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Air Pollutants Exceeding the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) in São Paulo, Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Deying Zhang & Kaixu Bai & Yunyun Zhou & Runhe Shi & Hongyan Ren, 2019. "Estimating Ground-Level Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants and Their Health Impacts in the Huaihe River Basin in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Luciana Leirião & Michelle de Oliveira & Tiago Martins & Simone Miraglia, 2023. "A Multi-Pollutant and Meteorological Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Mortality among the Elderly in São Paulo, Brazil—An Artificial Neural Networks Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-23, April.
    6. Nelson Gouveia, 2016. "Addressing Environmental Health Inequalities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-3, August.

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