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Water-Related Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Subsequently on Public Health: A Review for Generalists with Particular Reference to Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Toqeer Ahmed

    (Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSAS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Miklas Scholz

    (Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
    Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK)

  • Furat Al-Faraj

    (Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden)

  • Wajeeha Niaz

    (Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSAS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

Abstract

Water-related impacts due to change in climatic conditions ranging from water scarcity to intense floods and storms are increasing in developing countries like Pakistan. Water quality and waterborne diseases like hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, malaria and dengue fever are increasing due to chaotic urbanization, industrialization, poor hygienic conditions, and inappropriate water management. The morbidity rate is high due to lack of health care facilities, especially in developing countries. Organizations linked to the Government of Pakistan (e.g., Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Climate Change, Planning and Development, Ministry of Forest, Irrigation and Public Health, Pakistan Meteorological Department, National Disaster Management, Pakistan Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Council for Research in Water Resources, and Global Change Impact Study Centre), United Nation organizations, provincial government departments, non-governmental organizations (e.g., Global Facility and Disaster Reduction), research centers linked to universities, and international organizations (International Institute for Sustainable Development, Food and Agriculture, Global Climate Fund and World Bank) are trying to reduce the water-related impacts of climate change, but due to lack of public awareness and health care infrastructure, the death rate is steadily increasing. This paper critically reviews the scientific studies and reports both at national and at international level benefiting generalists concerned with environmental and public health challenges. The article underlines the urgent need for water conservation, risk management, and the development of mitigation measures to cope with the water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture and subsequently on public health. Novel solutions and bioremediation methods have been presented to control environmental pollution and to promote awareness among the scientific community. The focus is on diverse strategies to handle the forthcoming challenges associated with water resources management.

Suggested Citation

  • Toqeer Ahmed & Miklas Scholz & Furat Al-Faraj & Wajeeha Niaz, 2016. "Water-Related Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Subsequently on Public Health: A Review for Generalists with Particular Reference to Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1051-:d:81552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hussain, Syed Sajidin & Mudasser, Muhammad, 2007. "Prospects for wheat production under changing climate in mountain areas of Pakistan - An econometric analysis," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 494-501, May.
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    4. Iglesias, Ana & Garrote, Luis, 2015. "Adaptation strategies for agricultural water management under climate change in Europe," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 113-124.
    5. Hui Hu & Qian Jin & Philip Kavan, 2014. "A Study of Heavy Metal Pollution in China: Current Status, Pollution-Control Policies and Countermeasures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Toqeer Ahmed & Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder & Irfan Liaqat & Miklas Scholz, 2019. "Climatic Conditions: Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Methods for the Control of Mosquito Vectors Causing Human Health Issues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Ravichandran Moorthy & Sumayya Bibi, 2023. "Water Security and Cross-Border Water Management in the Kabul River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Min Li & Kaisheng Long, 2019. "Direct or Spillover Effect: The Impact of Pure Technical and Scale Efficiencies of Water Use on Water Scarcity in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Dong Yang & Zhigang Qiu & Zhiqiang Shen & Hong Zhao & Min Jin & Huaying Li & Weili Liu & Jun-Wen Li, 2017. "The Occurrence of the Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in the Haihe River (China)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-10, May.
    5. Kristie L. Ebi & Frances Harris & Giles B. Sioen & Chadia Wannous & Assaf Anyamba & Peng Bi & Melanie Boeckmann & Kathryn Bowen & Guéladio Cissé & Purnamita Dasgupta & Gabriel O. Dida & Alexandros Gas, 2020. "Transdisciplinary Research Priorities for Human and Planetary Health in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-25, November.
    6. Toqeer Ahmed & Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani & Miklas Scholz, 2020. "Climate Change, Water Quality and Water-Related Challenges: A Review with Focus on Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-22, November.

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