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Defining Neighbourhoods as a Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment

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  • Anders K. Lyseen

    (Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Henning S. Hansen

    (Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Henrik Harder

    (Department of Architecture, Design and Media technology, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Anders S. Jensen

    (LE34, Energivej 34, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark)

  • Bent E. Mikkelsen

    (Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

Abstract

Neighbourhoods are frequently used as a measure for individuals’ exposure to the food environment. However, the definitions of neighbourhoods fluctuate and have not been applied consistently in previous studies. Neighbourhoods defined from a single fixed location fail to capture people’s complete exposure in multiple locations, but measuring behaviour using traditional methods can be challenging. This study compares the traditional methods of measuring exposure to the food environment to methods that use data from GPS tracking. For each of the 187 participants, 11 different neighbourhoods were created in which the exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets were measured. ANOVA, Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test and t -tests were performed to compare the neighbourhoods. Significant differences were found between area sizes and the exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets for different neighbourhood types. Second, significant differences in exposure to food outlets were found between the urban and rural neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods are clearly a diffused and blurred concept that varies in meaning depending on each person’s perception and the conducted study. Complexity and heterogeneity of human mobility no longer appear to correspond to the use of residential neighbourhoods but rather emphasise the need for methods, concepts and measures of individual activity and exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Anders K. Lyseen & Henning S. Hansen & Henrik Harder & Anders S. Jensen & Bent E. Mikkelsen, 2015. "Defining Neighbourhoods as a Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:7:p:8504-8525:d:52918
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Austin, S.B. & Melly, S.J. & Sanchez, B.N. & Patel, A. & Buka, S. & Gortmaker, S.L., 2005. "Clustering of fast-food restaurants around schools: A novel application of spatial statistics to the study of food environments," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(9), pages 1575-1581.
    2. Moore, L.V. & Diez Roux, A.V., 2006. "Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(2), pages 325-331.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qiujun Wei & Jiangfeng She & Shuhua Zhang & Jinsong Ma, 2018. "Using Individual GPS Trajectories to Explore Foodscape Exposure: A Case Study in Beijing Metropolitan Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Margaux Sanchez & Albert Ambros & Maëlle Salmon & Santhi Bhogadi & Robin T. Wilson & Sanjay Kinra & Julian D. Marshall & Cathryn Tonne, 2017. "Predictors of Daily Mobility of Adults in Peri-Urban South India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Ana Contreras Navarro & María-Isabel Ortega Vélez, 2019. "Obesogenic Environment Case Study from a Food and Nutrition Security Perspective: Hermosillo City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, January.

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