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Perception of the Food Environment and Food Security Levels of Residents of the City of Rio de Janeiro

Author

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  • Paulo César Pereira de Castro Junior

    (Applied Social Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil)

  • Yoko Ametista Carvalho Suéte Matos

    (Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil)

  • Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira

    (Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil)

  • Rosana Salles-Costa

    (Applied Social Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil)

  • Aline Alves Ferreira

    (Applied Social Nutrition Department, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil)

Abstract

The way individuals perceive and interact with the food environment can contribute to a higher prevalence of food insecurity (FI). Objective: To evaluate the perception of the food environment and its association with FI in households in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted with a sample of 2000 households, a representative stratified sample, with a margin of error of 4.9 percentage points and a 95% confidence interval (CI95%) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The studies were evaluated using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Perceptions of the food environment were measured by assessing the perceived availability, price, and quality of fruits and vegetables (FVs) and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) sold in the neighborhood. To analyze the association between stage variations and the perceived food environment, we conducted multinomial logistic regression, considering a 95%CI. Results: Household heads in Rio de Janeiro perceive that both FVs and UPFs are available in their neighborhoods. However, UPFs are perceived as cheaper and more diverse than FVs, regardless of the level of food safety. In the association analysis, a greater relative risk ratio was found for heads of households who perceive an unfavorable scenario in the food environment for FVs, in terms of availability (RRR = 5.6; 95%IC: 3.0–10.4), quality (RRR = 4.5; 95%IC: 2.6–7.9), and price (RRR = 2.5; 95%IC: 1.7–3.6), to experience a situation of moderate/severe FI. Conclusions: The way individuals interact with and perceive their territories can reflect on access to adequate and healthy food, especially in households in a situation of FI.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulo César Pereira de Castro Junior & Yoko Ametista Carvalho Suéte Matos & Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira & Rosana Salles-Costa & Aline Alves Ferreira, 2025. "Perception of the Food Environment and Food Security Levels of Residents of the City of Rio de Janeiro," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:4:p:642-:d:1637803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feyisayo Odunitan-Wayas & Kufre Okop & Robert Dover & Olufunke Alaba & Lisa Micklesfield & Thandi Puoane & Monica Uys & Lungiswa Tsolekile & Naomi Levitt & Jane Battersby & Hendriena Victor & Shelly M, 2018. "Food Purchasing Characteristics and Perceptions of Neighborhood Food Environment of South Africans Living in Low-, Middle- and High-Socioeconomic Neighborhoods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Renata Júlia da Costa & Paloma Aparecida Anastacio Barros & Juliana de Paula Matos & Paula Martins Horta, 2025. "Coverage and Characterization of Food Delivery Services Through a Mobile Application in Small and Medium-Sized Cities in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(2), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Cecilia Craveiro & Mariana Lopes & Patricia Freitas & Aline Lopes, 2025. "Neighborhood Vulnerability and the Consumer Food Environment in an Urban Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(2), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Blanca Salinas-Roca & Laura Rubió-Piqué & Elena Carrillo-Álvarez & Gemma Franco-Alcaine, 2022. "Impact of Health and Social Factors on the Cardiometabolic Risk in People with Food Insecurity: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira & Paulo César Pereira de Castro Junior & Yoko Ametista Carvalho Suéte Matos & Aline Alves Ferreira & Rosana Salles-Costa, 2024. "Food Acquisition Locations and Food Groups Acquired According to Levels of Food Insecurity in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(12), pages 1-12, November.
    6. Anders K. Lyseen & Henning S. Hansen & Henrik Harder & Anders S. Jensen & Bent E. Mikkelsen, 2015. "Defining Neighbourhoods as a Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, July.
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