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Economic Viability Study of an On-Road Wireless Charging System with a Generic Driving Range Estimation Method

Author

Listed:
  • Aditya Shekhar

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft Institute of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Venugopal Prasanth

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft Institute of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Pavol Bauer

    (Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft Institute of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands)

  • Mark Bolech

    (The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6, Delft 2628 XE, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The economic viability of on-road wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) strongly depends on the choice of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system configuration (static or dynamic charging), charging power level and the percentage of road coverage of dynamic charging. In this paper, a case study is carried out to determine the expected investment costs involved in installing the on-road charging infrastructure for an electric bus fleet. Firstly, a generic methodology is described to determine the driving range of any EV (including electric buses) with any gross mass and frontal area. A dynamic power consumption model is developed for the EV, taking into account the rolling friction, acceleration, deceleration, aerodynamic drag, regenerative braking and Li-ion battery behavior. Based on the simulation results, the linear dependence of the battery state of charge (SoC) on the distance traveled is proven. Further, the impact of different IPT system parameters on driving range is incorporated. Economic implications of a combination of different IPT system parameters are explored for achieving the required driving range of 400 km, and the cost optimized solution is presented for the case study of an electric bus fleet. It is shown that the choice of charging power level and road coverage are interrelated in the economic context. The economic viability of reducing the capacity of the on-board battery as a trade-off between higher transport efficiency and larger on-road charging infrastructure is presented. Finally, important considerations, like the number of average running buses, scheduled stoppage time and on-board battery size, that make on-road charging an attractive option are explored. The cost break-up of various system components of the on-road charging scheme is estimated, and the final project cost and parameters are summarized. The specific cost of the wireless on-road charging system is found to be more expensive than the conventional trolley system at this point in time. With decreasing battery costs and a higher number of running buses, a more economically-viable system can be realized.

Suggested Citation

  • Aditya Shekhar & Venugopal Prasanth & Pavol Bauer & Mark Bolech, 2016. "Economic Viability Study of an On-Road Wireless Charging System with a Generic Driving Range Estimation Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:2:p:76-:d:62926
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mwasilu, Francis & Justo, Jackson John & Kim, Eun-Kyung & Do, Ton Duc & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2014. "Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 501-516.
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    1. Haddad, Diala & Konstantinou, Theodora & Aliprantis, Dionysios & Gkritza, Konstantina & Pekarek, Steven & Haddock, John, 2022. "Analysis of the financial viability of high-powered electric roadways: A case study for the state of Indiana," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    2. Gallet, Marc & Massier, Tobias & Hamacher, Thomas, 2018. "Estimation of the energy demand of electric buses based on real-world data for large-scale public transport networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 344-356.
    3. Machura, Philip & Li, Quan, 2019. "A critical review on wireless charging for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 209-234.
    4. Chaoqiang Jiang & K. T. Chau & Chunhua Liu & Christopher H. T. Lee, 2017. "An Overview of Resonant Circuits for Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Xu Liu & Lindsay Clare & Xibo Yuan & Chonglin Wang & Jianhua Liu, 2017. "A Design Method for Making an LCC Compensation Two-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System More Energy Efficient Than an SS Counterpart," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-29, September.
    6. Venugopal, Prasanth & Shekhar, Aditya & Visser, Erwin & Scheele, Natalia & Chandra Mouli, Gautham Ram & Bauer, Pavol & Silvester, Sacha, 2018. "Roadway to self-healing highways with integrated wireless electric vehicle charging and sustainable energy harvesting technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1226-1239.
    7. Ilman Sulaeman & Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli & Aditya Shekhar & Pavol Bauer, 2021. "Comparison of AC and DC Nanogrid for Office Buildings with EV Charging, PV and Battery Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Qiu, K. & Ribberink, H. & Entchev, E., 2022. "Economic feasibility of electrified highways for heavy-duty electric trucks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    9. Prasanth Venugopal & Soumya Bandyopadhyay & Pavol Bauer & Jan Abraham Ferreira, 2017. "A Generic Matrix Method to Model the Magnetics of Multi-Coil Air-Cored Inductive Power Transfer Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-17, June.
    10. Ma, Xiaolei & Miao, Ran & Wu, Xinkai & Liu, Xianglong, 2021. "Examining influential factors on the energy consumption of electric and diesel buses: A data-driven analysis of large-scale public transit network in Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    11. Zhongyu Dai & Junhua Wang & Mengjiao Long & Hong Huang, 2017. "A Witricity-Based High-Power Device for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, March.
    12. Chaoqiang Jiang & K.T. Chau & Chunhua Liu & Wei Han, 2017. "Wireless DC Motor Drives with Selectability and Controllability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    13. Karam Hwang & Jaeyong Cho & Dongwook Kim & Jaehyoung Park & Jong Hwa Kwon & Sang Il Kwak & Hyun Ho Park & Seungyoung Ahn, 2017. "An Autonomous Coil Alignment System for the Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles to Minimize Lateral Misalignment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Li, Pengshun & Zhang, Yuhang & Zhang, Yi & Zhang, Yi & Zhang, Kai, 2021. "Prediction of electric bus energy consumption with stochastic speed profile generation modelling and data driven method based on real-world big data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).

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