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Evaluating the Balancing Properties of Wind and Solar Photovoltaic System Production

Author

Listed:
  • Riho Meister

    (Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Wahiba Yaïci

    (CanmetEnergy Research Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A1M1, Canada)

  • Reza Moezzi

    (Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
    Association of Talent Under Liberty in Technology (TULTECH), Sopruse Pst, 10615 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Mohammad Gheibi

    (Association of Talent Under Liberty in Technology (TULTECH), Sopruse Pst, 10615 Tallinn, Estonia
    Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic)

  • Külli Hovi

    (Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Andres Annuk

    (Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

Abstract

This research evaluates how wind and solar PV systems balance together. Increasing the share of stochastic renewable energy production in electricity and hot turning reserve deficit are welcome compensation issues. This research used weather station data from an open seashore from the last 10 years, 2014–2023, on the Estonian island Saaremaa’s west coast to evaluate yearly fluctuations. We used the indicator demand cover factor to estimate the coincidence of wind generation and solar PV system electricity. For clarity, the initial data were prepared by assuming the equality of production and consumption annual data by scaling the obtained data. This study demonstrates that the best compensating possibilities are the share of wind generation and solar PV electricity mix, respectively, equal to 0.7/0.3 and 0.8/0.2, reaching a demand cover factor of 0.62. This study evaluated the demand cover factor’s dependence on increased production compared to consumption. This study used different batteries to research the influence of these demand cover factors. Furthermore, this research makes a significant contribution by showcasing how to turn weather station data into real wind generator and PV panel production data.

Suggested Citation

  • Riho Meister & Wahiba Yaïci & Reza Moezzi & Mohammad Gheibi & Külli Hovi & Andres Annuk, 2025. "Evaluating the Balancing Properties of Wind and Solar Photovoltaic System Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1871-:d:1629795
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arkadiusz Małek & Andrzej Marciniak, 2025. "Operational Analysis of Power Generation from a Photovoltaic–Wind Mix and Low-Emission Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Oumaima Ait Omar & Oumaima Choukai & Wilian Guamán & Hassan El Fadil & Ahmed Ait Errouhi & Kaoutar Ait Chaoui, 2025. "Comparative Analysis of PV and Hybrid PV–Wind Supply for a Smart Building with Water-Purification Station in Morocco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-27, September.

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