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The Use of Jet A Aviation Fuel Blended with Biodiesel and Alcohols as a Sustainable Aviation Fuel: A Review

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  • Radu Mirea

    (Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines—COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

The present paper is a review of the use of different types of blends of Jet A aviation fuel with biodiesel and alcohols, respectively, as sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). The scientific literature published from 2017 to 2024 was addressed and highlighted that the use of Jet A fuel blended with alcohols and biodiesel has gained attention as a potential pathway to reducing aviation emissions and enhancing sustainability. Alcohol-blended Jet A fuels, such as ethanol and methanol mixtures, offer advantages including lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions due to their improved combustion efficiency. Similarly, biodiesel blends contribute to reduced particulate matter (PM) and CO emissions, while their oxygen content promotes cleaner combustion. Both types of blends have the potential to decrease the aviation sector’s carbon footprint and enhance fuel diversification. However, several gaps and limitations remain, including lower energy density leading to increased fuel consumption, material compatibility issues, increased nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions, and concerns over fuel stability. Further research is needed to optimize blend ratios, improve combustion control strategies, and ensure the safe and efficient integration of these alternative fuels in aviation.

Suggested Citation

  • Radu Mirea, 2025. "The Use of Jet A Aviation Fuel Blended with Biodiesel and Alcohols as a Sustainable Aviation Fuel: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1575-:d:1617617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tamás Mizik & Gábor Gyarmati, 2021. "Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Rudolf Andoga & Ladislav Főző & Martin Schrötter & Stanislav Szabo, 2021. "The Use of Ethanol as an Alternative Fuel for Small Turbojet Engines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Mendez, C.J. & Parthasarathy, R.N. & Gollahalli, S.R., 2014. "Performance and emission characteristics of butanol/Jet A blends in a gas turbine engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 135-140.
    4. Altarazi, Yazan S.M. & Abu Talib, Abd Rahim & Gires, Ezanee & Yu, Jianglong & Lucas, John & Yusaf, Talal, 2021. "Performance and exhaust emissions rate of small-scale turbojet engine running on dual biodiesel blends using Gasturb," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
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