IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i5p1152-d1600381.html

The Global Electricity Grid: A Comprehensive Review

Author

Listed:
  • Bimal Kumar Dora

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India)

  • Sunil Bhat

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India)

  • Arghya Mitra

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India)

  • Damien Ernst

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium)

  • Adrian Halinka

    (Department of Power System and Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Daria Zychma

    (Department of Power System and Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Pawel Sowa

    (Department of Power System and Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

Renewable energy includes a wide variety of technologies that may provide electric energy without releasing greenhouse gases. However, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, relying on a single source cannot ensure a steady energy supply, making it essential to combine multiple renewable energies with thermal generators to meet the required energy demand. Furthermore, the economic feasibility of renewable energy can vary significantly across different geographical regions. These challenges can be addressed successfully through the global electricity grid concept. It enables the efficient transmission of clean energy over long distances, and it allows nations to capitalize on their unique renewable energy strengths, facilitating the seamless exchange of clean energy to meet global demand while optimizing the use of renewable resources worldwide. This paper examines global and regional initiatives aimed at fostering a sustainable energy future, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental transmission networks. Although the challenges and opportunities of the global electricity grid are well understood, the quantification of its costs, benefits, and environmental impacts remains in its infancy, leaving a significant gap in the current literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Bimal Kumar Dora & Sunil Bhat & Arghya Mitra & Damien Ernst & Adrian Halinka & Daria Zychma & Pawel Sowa, 2025. "The Global Electricity Grid: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-39, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1152-:d:1600381
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1152/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1152/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kiwan, Suhil & Al-Gharibeh, Elyasa, 2020. "Jordan toward a 100% renewable electricity system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 423-436.
    2. Reyseliani, Nadhilah & Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu, 2021. "Pathway towards 100% renewable energy in Indonesia power system by 2050," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 305-321.
    3. Heard, B.P. & Brook, B.W. & Wigley, T.M.L. & Bradshaw, C.J.A., 2017. "Burden of proof: A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1122-1133.
    4. Ahmad, Salman & Tahar, Razman Mat, 2014. "Selection of renewable energy sources for sustainable development of electricity generation system using analytic hierarchy process: A case of Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 458-466.
    5. Parisio, Lucia & Bosco, Bruno, 2008. "Electricity prices and cross-border trade: Volume and strategy effects," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 1760-1775, July.
    6. Child, Michael & Kemfert, Claudia & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Flexible electricity generation, grid exchange and storage for the transition to a 100% renewable energy system in Europe," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 139, pages 80-101.
    7. Soto, Esteban A. & Bosman, Lisa B. & Wollega, Ebisa & Leon-Salas, Walter D., 2021. "Peer-to-peer energy trading: A review of the literature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    8. Krakowski, Vincent & Assoumou, Edi & Mazauric, Vincent & Maïzi, Nadia, 2016. "Feasible path toward 40–100% renewable energy shares for power supply in France by 2050: A prospective analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 501-522.
    9. Wu, Yunna & Zhang, Ting & Xu, Chuanbo & Zhang, Xiaoyu & Ke, Yiming & Chu, Han & Xu, Ruhang, 2019. "Location selection of seawater pumped hydro storage station in China based on multi-attribute decision making," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 410-425.
    10. Dhiman, Harsh S. & Deb, Dipankar, 2020. "Fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy COPRAS based multi-criteria decision making for hybrid wind farms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    11. Blakers, Andrew & Lu, Bin & Stocks, Matthew, 2017. "100% renewable electricity in Australia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 471-482.
    12. Sadiqa, Ayesha & Gulagi, Ashish & Breyer, Christian, 2018. "Energy transition roadmap towards 100% renewable energy and role of storage technologies for Pakistan by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 518-533.
    13. Doorga, Jay R.S. & Rughooputh, Soonil D.D.V. & Boojhawon, Ravindra, 2019. "Multi-criteria GIS-based modelling technique for identifying potential solar farm sites: A case study in Mauritius," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1201-1219.
    14. Ilbahar, Esra & Kahraman, Cengiz & Cebi, Selcuk, 2021. "Location selection for waste-to-energy plants by using fuzzy linear programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    15. Gils, Hans Christian & Simon, Sonja, 2017. "Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 342-355.
    16. Collins, Seán & Deane, J.P. & Ó Gallachóir, Brian, 2017. "Adding value to EU energy policy analysis using a multi-model approach with an EU-28 electricity dispatch model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 433-447.
    17. Lindberg, O. & Birging, A. & Widén, J. & Lingfors, D., 2021. "PV park site selection for utility-scale solar guides combining GIS and power flow analysis: A case study on a Swedish municipality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    18. Shorabeh, Saman Nadizadeh & Firozjaei, Mohammad Karimi & Nematollahi, Omid & Firozjaei, Hamzeh Karimi & Jelokhani-Niaraki, Mohammadreza, 2019. "A risk-based multi-criteria spatial decision analysis for solar power plant site selection in different climates: A case study in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 958-973.
    19. Krakowski, Vincent & Assoumou, Edi & Mazauric, Vincent & Maïzi, Nadia, 2016. "Reprint of Feasible path toward 40–100% renewable energy shares for power supply in France by 2050: A prospective analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1529-1550.
    20. Shang, Yitong & Liu, Man & Shao, Ziyun & Jian, Linni, 2020. "Internet of smart charging points with photovoltaic Integration: A high-efficiency scheme enabling optimal dispatching between electric vehicles and power grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    21. Fengsheng Chien & Chia-Nan Wang & Viet Tinh Nguyen & Van Thanh Nguyen & Ka Yin Chau, 2020. "An Evaluation Model of Quantitative and Qualitative Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Hydroelectric Plant Location Selection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    22. Mertens, Tim & Poncelet, Kris & Duerinck, Jan & Delarue, Erik, 2020. "Representing cross-border trade of electricity in long-term energy-system optimization models with a limited geographical scope," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    23. Majumdar, Debaleena & Pasqualetti, Martin J., 2019. "Analysis of land availability for utility-scale power plants and assessment of solar photovoltaic development in the state of Arizona, USA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1213-1231.
    24. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Karlsson, Kenneth, 2011. "100% Renewable energy systems, climate mitigation and economic growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 488-501, February.
    25. Gulagi, Ashish & Alcanzare, Myron & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Esparcia, Eugene & Ocon, Joey & Breyer, Christian, 2021. "Transition pathway towards 100% renewable energy across the sectors of power, heat, transport, and desalination for the Philippines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    26. Haque, H.M. Enamul & Dhakal, Shobhakar & Mostafa, S.M.G., 2020. "An assessment of opportunities and challenges for cross-border electricity trade for Bangladesh using SWOT-AHP approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    27. repec:aen:eeepjl:eeep7-2-timilsina is not listed on IDEAS
    28. Noorollahi, Younes & Ghenaatpisheh Senani, Ali & Fadaei, Ahmad & Simaee, Mobina & Moltames, Rahim, 2022. "A framework for GIS-based site selection and technical potential evaluation of PV solar farm using Fuzzy-Boolean logic and AHP multi-criteria decision-making approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 89-104.
    29. Oseni, Musiliu O. & Pollitt, Michael G., 2016. "The promotion of regional integration of electricity markets: Lessons for developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 628-638.
    30. Firozjaei, Mohammad Karimi & Nematollahi, Omid & Mijani, Naeim & Shorabeh, Saman Nadizadeh & Firozjaei, Hamzeh Karimi & Toomanian, Ara, 2019. "An integrated GIS-based Ordered Weighted Averaging analysis for solar energy evaluation in Iran: Current conditions and future planning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1130-1146.
    31. Esteban, Miguel & Portugal-Pereira, Joana & Mclellan, Benjamin C. & Bricker, Jeremy & Farzaneh, Hooman & Djalilova, Nigora & Ishihara, Keiichi N. & Takagi, Hiroshi & Roeber, Volker, 2018. "100% renewable energy system in Japan: Smoothening and ancillary services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 698-707.
    32. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Stadler, Ingo, 2011. "Towards 100% renewable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 419-421, February.
    33. Ali, Shahid & Taweekun, Juntakan & Techato, Kuaanan & Waewsak, Jompob & Gyawali, Saroj, 2019. "GIS based site suitability assessment for wind and solar farms in Songkhla, Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1360-1372.
    34. Mensour, O. Nait & El Ghazzani, B. & Hlimi, B. & Ihlal, A., 2019. "A geographical information system-based multi-criteria method for the evaluation of solar farms locations: A case study in Souss-Massa area, southern Morocco," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 900-919.
    35. Elliston, Ben & Diesendorf, Mark & MacGill, Iain, 2012. "Simulations of scenarios with 100% renewable electricity in the Australian National Electricity Market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 606-613.
    36. Hossein Yousefi & Saheb Ghanbari Motlagh & Mohammad Montazeri, 2022. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System for Wind Farm Site-Selection Using Geographic Information System (GIS): Case Study of Semnan Province, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-27, June.
    37. Michael Child & Teresa Haukkala & Christian Breyer, 2017. "The Role of Solar Photovoltaics and Energy Storage Solutions in a 100% Renewable Energy System for Finland in 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-25, August.
    38. Giamalaki, Marina & Tsoutsos, Theocharis, 2019. "Sustainable siting of solar power installations in Mediterranean using a GIS/AHP approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 64-75.
    39. Luz, Thiago & Moura, Pedro, 2019. "100% Renewable energy planning with complementarity and flexibility based on a multi-objective assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    40. Sekeroglu, Ahmet & Erol, Demet, 2023. "Site selection modeling of hybrid renewable energy facilities using suitability index in spatial planning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    41. Han Phoumin & Rabindra Nepal & Fukunari Kimura & Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary (ed.), 2024. "Large-Scale Development of Renewables in the ASEAN," Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, Springer, number 978-981-99-8239-4, October.
    42. Fraser, Hamish & Al-Asaad, Hassan K., 2008. "Engaging in Cross-Border Power Exchange and Trade via the Arab Gulf States Power Grid," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(10), pages 19-29, December.
    43. Esteban, Miguel & Zhang, Qi & Utama, Agya, 2012. "Estimation of the energy storage requirement of a future 100% renewable energy system in Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 22-31.
    44. Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad & Adel Merabet & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Tareq Salameh & Chaouki Ghenai, 2022. "Intelligent and Optimized Microgrids for Future Supply Power from Renewable Energy Resources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    45. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2011. "The first step towards a 100% renewable energy-system for Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 502-507, February.
    46. Vakulchuk, Roman & Overland, Indra & Scholten, Daniel, 2020. "Renewable energy and geopolitics: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    47. Radu, David & Berger, Mathias & Dubois, Antoine & Fonteneau, Raphaël & Pandžić, Hrvoje & Dvorkin, Yury & Louveaux, Quentin & Ernst, Damien, 2022. "Assessing the impact of offshore wind siting strategies on the design of the European power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    48. Berger, Mathias & Radu, David & Fonteneau, Raphaël & Henry, Robin & Glavic, Mevludin & Fettweis, Xavier & Le Du, Marc & Panciatici, Patrick & Balea, Lucian & Ernst, Damien, 2020. "Critical time windows for renewable resource complementarity assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    49. Watcharejyothin, Mayurachat & Shrestha, Ram M., 2009. "Effects of cross-border power trade between Laos and Thailand: Energy security and environmental implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1782-1792, May.
    50. Saraswat, S.K. & Digalwar, Abhijeet K. & Yadav, S.S. & Kumar, Gaurav, 2021. "MCDM and GIS based modelling technique for assessment of solar and wind farm locations in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 865-884.
    51. Agostini, Claudio A. & Guzmán, Andrés M. & Nasirov, Shahriyar & Silva, Carlos, 2019. "A surplus based framework for cross-border electricity trade in South America," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 673-684.
    52. Alistair W. R. Seddon & Marc Macias-Fauria & Peter R. Long & David Benz & Kathy J. Willis, 2016. "Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability," Nature, Nature, vol. 531(7593), pages 229-232, March.
    53. Sreenath, S. & Sudhakar, K. & Yusop, A.F., 2020. "Technical assessment of captive solar power plant: A case study of Senai airport, Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 849-866.
    54. Denholm, Paul & Margolis, Robert M., 2007. "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2852-2861, May.
    55. Colak, H. Ebru & Memisoglu, Tugba & Gercek, Yasin, 2020. "Optimal site selection for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants using GIS and AHP: A case study of Malatya Province, Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 565-576.
    56. Jha, Amit Prakash & Mahajan, Aarushi & Singh, Sanjay Kumar & Kumar, Piyush, 2022. "Renewable energy proliferation for sustainable development: Role of cross-border electricity trade," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 1189-1199.
    57. Daniel Del Barrio Alvarez & Akiko Sasakawa & Kensuke Yamaguchi & Jiyang Wang, 2024. "Strategic priorities for regional power connectivity in Asia in the overlapping of subregional initiatives and China’s global energy interconnection," Asia Pacific Business Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(2), pages 376-398, March.
    58. Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Gulagi, Ashish & Fasihi, Mahdi & Breyer, Christian, 2021. "Full energy sector transition towards 100% renewable energy supply: Integrating power, heat, transport and industry sectors including desalination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    59. Alves, M. & Segurado, R. & Costa, M., 2020. "On the road to 100% renewable energy systems in isolated islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    60. Xu, Ye & Li, Ye & Zheng, Lijun & Cui, Liang & Li, Sha & Li, Wei & Cai, Yanpeng, 2020. "Site selection of wind farms using GIS and multi-criteria decision making method in Wafangdian, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    61. Ishmael Ackah & Charly Gatete (ed.), 2024. "Energy Regulation in Africa," Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, Springer, number 978-3-031-52677-0.
    62. Gao, Jing & Wang, Chao & Wang, Zhanwu & Lin, Jin & Zhang, Runkai & Wu, Xin & Xu, Guangyin & Wang, Zhenfeng, 2024. "Site selection decision for biomass cogeneration projects from a sustainable perspective: A case study of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    63. Alassi, Abdulrahman & Bañales, Santiago & Ellabban, Omar & Adam, Grain & MacIver, Callum, 2019. "HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 530-554.
    64. Heng-ming Peng & Xiao-kang Wang & Tie-li Wang & Ya-hua Liu & Jian-qiang Wang, 2020. "A Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework for Inland Nuclear Power Plant Site Selection under Z-Information: A Case Study in Hunan Province of China," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-23, February.
    65. Lacal Arantegui, Roberto & Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf, 2018. "Photovoltaics and wind status in the European Union after the Paris Agreement," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2460-2471.
    66. Ćosić, Boris & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2012. "A 100% renewable energy system in the year 2050: The case of Macedonia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 80-87.
    67. Higgins, P. & Li, K. & Devlin, J. & Foley, A.M., 2015. "The significance of interconnector counter-trading in a security constrained electricity market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 110-124.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aleksa Stojic & Goran Kvascev & Zeljko Djurovic, 2025. "An Assistive System for Thermal Power Plant Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    2. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. Maruf, Md. Nasimul Islam, 2021. "Open model-based analysis of a 100% renewable and sector-coupled energy system–The case of Germany in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    4. Elkadeem, Mohamed R. & Younes, Ali & Jurasz, Jakub & AlZahrani, Atif S. & Abido, Mohammad A., 2025. "A spatio-temporal decision-making model for solar, wind, and hybrid systems – A case study of Saudi Arabia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 383(C).
    5. Henning Meschede & Paul Bertheau & Siavash Khalili & Christian Breyer, 2022. "A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(6), November.
    6. Wang, Ruijing & Gong, Jirui & Zhang, Siqi & Zhang, Weiyuan & Dong, Xuede & Hu, Yuxia & Yang, Guisen & Yan, Chenyi & Zhang, Shangpeng & Wang, Tong, 2025. "Comprehensive potential assessment of agrophotovoltaic systems: A case study of Hebei Province," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    7. Fotsing Metegam, Isabelle Flora & Wolff, Eleonore & Tchinda, René & Huart, Michel & Chara-Dackou, Venant Sorel, 2025. "Evaluation of on-grid and off-grid solar photovoltaic sites in Cameroon using geographic information systems, fuzzy logic, and multi-criteria analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    8. Günen, Mehmet Akif, 2021. "A comprehensive framework based on GIS-AHP for the installation of solar PV farms in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 212-225.
    9. Mark Z. Jacobson & Anna-Katharina von Krauland & Zachary F.M. Burton & Stephen J. Coughlin & Caitlin Jaeggli & Daniel Nelli & Alexander J. H. Nelson & Yanbo Shu & Miles Smith & Chor Tan & Connery D. W, 2020. "Transitioning All Energy in 74 Metropolitan Areas, Including 30 Megacities, to 100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight (WWS)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-40, September.
    10. Yilmaz, İsmail & Kocer, Abdulkadir & Aksoy, Ercument, 2024. "Site selection for solar power plants using GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: Case study of the western mediterranean region of Turkiye," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    11. Yue, Xiufeng & Patankar, Neha & Decarolis, Joseph & Chiodi, Alessandro & Rogan, Fionn & Deane, J.P. & O’Gallachoir, Brian, 2020. "Least cost energy system pathways towards 100% renewable energy in Ireland by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    12. Shehab, Zakariya Nafi' & Faisal, Raid Mahmood & Ahmed, Safwa Waleed, 2024. "Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach for identifying optimal solar farm locations: A multi-technique comparative analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    13. Geovanna Villacreses & Diego Jijón & Juan Francisco Nicolalde & Javier Martínez-Gómez & Franz Betancourt, 2022. "Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Suitable Location for Wind and Photovoltaic Power Plants on the Galápagos Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, December.
    14. Li, Xiao-Ya & Dong, Xin-Yu & Chen, Sha & Ye, Yan-Mei, 2024. "The promising future of developing large-scale PV solar farms in China: A three-stage framework for site selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    15. Elkadeem, Mohamed R. & Younes, Ali & Mazzeo, Domenico & Jurasz, Jakub & Elia Campana, Pietro & Sharshir, Swellam W. & Alaam, Mohamed A., 2022. "Geospatial-assisted multi-criterion analysis of solar and wind power geographical-technical-economic potential assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    16. Elkadeem, M.R. & Younes, Ali & Sharshir, Swellam W. & Campana, Pietro Elia & Wang, Shaorong, 2021. "Sustainable siting and design optimization of hybrid renewable energy system: A geospatial multi-criteria analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    17. Blanco, Herib & Faaij, André, 2018. "A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1049-1086.
    18. Vaiaso, T.V. Jr. & Jack, M.W., 2021. "Quantifying the trade-off between percentage of renewable supply and affordability in Pacific island countries: Case study of Samoa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    19. Fakharizadehshirazi, Elham & Rösch, Christine, 2024. "A novel socio-techno-environmental GIS approach to assess the contribution of ground-mounted photovoltaics to achieve climate neutrality in Germany," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    20. Tercan, Emre & Eymen, Abdurrahman & Urfalı, Tuğrul & Saracoglu, Burak Omer, 2021. "A sustainable framework for spatial planning of photovoltaic solar farms using GIS and multi-criteria assessment approach in Central Anatolia, Turkey," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1152-:d:1600381. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.