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A Ladder-Type Carbon Trading-Based Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Model for Integrated Energy Systems with Flexible Load and Hybrid Energy Storage Optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Liping Huang

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China)

  • Fanxin Zhong

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China)

  • Chun Sing Lai

    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University of London, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Bang Zhong

    (Zhaoqing Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526060, China)

  • Qijun Xiao

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China)

  • Weitai Hsu

    (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China)

Abstract

This paper proposes a ladder carbon trading-based low-carbon economic dispatch model for integrated energy systems (IESs), incorporating flexible load optimization and hybrid energy storage systems consisting of battery and thermal energy storage. First, a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is introduced, in which the carbon trading cost increases progressively with emission levels, thereby providing stronger incentives for emission reduction. Second, flexible loads are categorized and modeled as shiftable, transferable, and reducible types, each with distinct operational constraints and compensation mechanisms. Third, both battery and thermal energy storage systems are considered to improve system flexibility by storing excess energy and supplying it when needed. Finally, a unified optimization framework is developed to coordinate the dispatch of renewable generation, gas turbines, waste heat recovery units, and multi-energy storage devices while integrating flexible load flexibility. The objective is to minimize the total system cost, which includes energy procurement, carbon trading expenditures, and demand response compensation. Three comparative case studies are conducted to evaluate system performance under different operational configurations: the proposed comprehensive model, a carbon trading-only approach, and a conventional baseline scenario. Results demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively balances economic and environmental objectives through coordinated demand-side management, hybrid storage utilization, and the ladder-type carbon trading market mechanism. It reshapes the system load profile via peak shaving and valley filling, improves renewable energy integration, and enhances overall system efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Liping Huang & Fanxin Zhong & Chun Sing Lai & Bang Zhong & Qijun Xiao & Weitai Hsu, 2025. "A Ladder-Type Carbon Trading-Based Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Model for Integrated Energy Systems with Flexible Load and Hybrid Energy Storage Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:14:p:3679-:d:1700140
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    1. Wu, Mou & Yan, Rujing & Zhang, Jing & Fan, Junqiu & Wang, Jiangjiang & Bai, Zhang & He, Yu & Cao, Guoqiang & Hu, Keling, 2024. "An enhanced stochastic optimization for more flexibility on integrated energy system with flexible loads and a high penetration level of renewables," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    2. Li, Xiaozhu & Wang, Weiqing & Wang, Haiyun, 2021. "Hybrid time-scale energy optimal scheduling strategy for integrated energy system with bilateral interaction with supply and demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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