Two-stage energy management method of integrated energy system considering pre-transaction behavior of energy service provider and users

Energy management is an important mean for the integrated energy system (IES) to realize efficient energy utilization and low-carbon economic operation, and the proper pricing strategy of energy service provider (ESP) and energy consumption strategies of users are important factors in realizing efficient energy management of electric-thermal IES. This paper proposes a two-stage energy management method for IES considering the energy pre-transaction behavior of ESP and users. First, an energy interaction framework of the IES is proposed with the agents of the ESP and users. Subsequently, a two-stage energy management method that considers the pre-transaction behavior and operation optimization of the IES is established. In the first stage, the energy pre-transaction behavior model between ESP and users is studied, where the energy pre-transaction behavior is formulated as a discrete finite Markov decision process (MDP) to obtain the maximum price of ESP and the maximum adjustment load of users. In the second stage, considering the constraints of the energy price and load adjustment in the first stage, an energy interaction game model based on Stackelberg is established to obtain the optimal price and energy management strategy. Finally, the numerical results show that the proposed two-stage energy management method improves the profitability of ESP and users, promotes the utilization ratio of renewable energy and reduces the carbon emissions of the system. The numerical results show that the proposed method can significantly promote the profit of ESP by 58.47% and comprehensive benefit of users by 5.72%. In addition, the proposed method is also effective in improving the utilization of renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions, and the carbon emission of IES reduced 4.61% compared with traditional method.