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Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses

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  • Lovisa Panduleni Johannes

    (Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-2 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan)

  • Tran Dang Xuan

    (Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-2 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
    The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-2 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
    Faculty of Smart Agriculture, Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan)

Abstract

This review paper examines acid and alkaline pretreatments on perennial grasses for second-generation (2G) bioethanol production, a relatively unexplored area in this field. It compares the efficiency of these pretreatments in producing fermentable sugar and bioethanol yield. This study finds that alkaline pretreatment is more effective than acidic pretreatment in removing lignin and increasing sugar yield, leading to higher ethanol yields. However, it is costlier and requires longer reaction times than acidic pretreatment, while acidic pretreatment often leads to the formation of inhibitory compounds at higher temperatures, which is undesirable. The economic and environmental impacts of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) are also assessed. It is revealed that LCB has a lower carbon but higher water footprint and significant costs due to pretreatment compared to first-generation biofuels. This review further explores artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced technologies in optimizing bioethanol production and identified the gap in literature regarding their application to pretreatment of perennial grasses. This review concludes that although perennial grasses hold promise for 2G bioethanol, the high costs and environmental challenges associated with LCB necessitate further research. This research should focus on integrating AI to optimize the pretreatment of LCB, thereby improving efficiency and sustainability in 2G biofuel production.

Suggested Citation

  • Lovisa Panduleni Johannes & Tran Dang Xuan, 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-33, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1048-:d:1344140
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tamás Mizik & Christian Barika Igbeghe & Zsuzsanna Deák, 2025. "Production Efficiency of Advanced Liquid Biofuels: Prospects and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Robyn Jadischke & William David Lubitz, 2025. "Current State of Greenhouse Waste Biomass Disposal Methods, with a Focus on Essex County Ontario," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-27, February.

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