IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i14p5571-d1200800.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of Energy Demand for PHEVs in Year-Round Operating Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Mariusz Graba

    (Department of Vehicles, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Jarosław Mamala

    (Department of Vehicles, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Andrzej Bieniek

    (Department of Vehicles, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Andrzej Augustynowicz

    (Department of Vehicles, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Krystian Czernek

    (Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Andżelika Krupińska

    (Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61-131 Poznan, Poland)

  • Sylwia Włodarczak

    (Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61-131 Poznan, Poland)

  • Marek Ochowiak

    (Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61-131 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

In this paper, particular attention is paid to an advanced variant of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, known as PHEV, which combines two functionalities: the vehicle’s internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor. The study described herein also presents the influence of factors such as the ambient temperature, vehicle speed and traffic distance on the PHEV’s energy consumption. It has been shown that the vehicle’s range estimated based on its electronic control module (ECU) is about 20% shorter per annum on average for its year-round operation in everyday driving conditions. When analyzing the energy consumption based on the vehicle’s unitary energy consumption model, attention was paid to values that are strongly correlated with traffic and weather conditions. In addition, the authors emphasized that the estimated total energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid vehicle (PHEV), relative to the normative values arising from the type approval test cycle, deviate from the actual values arising from real driving conditions and often vary substantially. As shown in this paper, the energy consumption intensity of a vehicle is significantly influenced not only by its speed but also by weather conditions, including ambient temperature. In extreme cases, energy consumption intensity can increase by up to 68% relative to a WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure) cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariusz Graba & Jarosław Mamala & Andrzej Bieniek & Andrzej Augustynowicz & Krystian Czernek & Andżelika Krupińska & Sylwia Włodarczak & Marek Ochowiak, 2023. "Assessment of Energy Demand for PHEVs in Year-Round Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:14:p:5571-:d:1200800
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5571/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5571/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Graba, M. & Mamala, J. & Bieniek, A. & Sroka, Z., 2021. "Impact of the acceleration intensity of a passenger car in a road test on energy consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    2. Franke, Thomas & Krems, Josef F., 2013. "Interacting with limited mobility resources: Psychological range levels in electric vehicle use," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 109-122.
    3. Emilia M. Szumska & Rafał S. Jurecki, 2021. "Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    4. Bogdan Ovidiu Varga & Arsen Sagoian & Florin Mariasiu, 2019. "Prediction of Electric Vehicle Range: A Comprehensive Review of Current Issues and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Yuan, Xinmei & Zhang, Chuanpu & Hong, Guokai & Huang, Xueqi & Li, Lili, 2017. "Method for evaluating the real-world driving energy consumptions of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1955-1968.
    6. Kropiwnicki, Jacek, 2019. "A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 1045-1057.
    7. Cui, Dingsong & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Wang, Shuo & Zhang, Zhaosheng & Dorrell, David G. & Li, Xiaohui, 2022. "Battery electric vehicle usage pattern analysis driven by massive real-world data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    8. Wang, Hewu & Zhang, Xiaobin & Ouyang, Minggao, 2015. "Energy consumption of electric vehicles based on real-world driving patterns: A case study of Beijing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 710-719.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hariharan, C. & Gunadevan, D. & Arun Prakash, S. & Latha, K. & Antony Aroul Raj, V. & Velraj, R., 2022. "Simulation of battery energy consumption in an electric car with traction and HVAC model for a given source and destination for reducing the range anxiety of the driver," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    2. Andong Yin & Shenchun Wu & Weihan Li & Jinfang Hu, 2019. "Analysis of Battery Reduction for an Improved Opportunistic Wireless-Charged Electric Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Perugu, Harikishan & Collier, Sonya & Tan, Yi & Yoon, Seungju & Herner, Jorn, 2023. "Characterization of battery electric transit bus energy consumption by temporal and speed variation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    4. Wang, Wanying & Zhang, Qiang & Peng, Zhanglin & Shao, Zhen & Li, Xuefang, 2020. "An empirical evaluation of different usage pattern between car-sharing battery electric vehicles and private ones," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 115-129.
    5. Qiao, Qinyu & Zhao, Fuquan & Liu, Zongwei & He, Xin & Hao, Han, 2019. "Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Electric Vehicles in China: Combining the vehicle cycle and fuel cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 222-233.
    6. Yashraj Tripathy & Andrew McGordon & Anup Barai, 2020. "Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Ku, Donggyun & Choi, Minje & Yoo, Nakyoung & Shin, Seungheon & Lee, Seungjae, 2021. "A new algorithm for eco-friendly path guidance focused on electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    8. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    9. Weina Qu & Hongli Sun & Yan Ge, 2021. "The effects of trait anxiety and the big five personality traits on self-driving car acceptance," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2663-2679, October.
    10. Vítor JPD Martinho, 2018. "A transversal perspective on global energy production and consumption: An approach based on convergence theory," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(4), pages 556-575, June.
    11. Andriosopoulos, Kostas & Bigerna, Simona & Bollino, Carlo Andrea & Micheli, Silvia, 2018. "The impact of age on Italian consumers' attitude toward alternative fuel vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 299-308.
    12. Oluwasola O. Ademulegun & Paul MacArtain & Bukola Oni & Neil J. Hewitt, 2022. "Multi-Stage Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Siting Electric Vehicle Charging Stations within and across Border Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-28, December.
    13. Wojciech Adamski & Krzysztof Brzozowski & Jacek Nowakowski & Tomasz Praszkiewicz & Tomasz Knefel, 2021. "Excess Fuel Consumption Due to Selection of a Lower Than Optimal Gear—Case Study Based on Data Obtained in Real Traffic Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    14. Emilia M. Szumska & Rafał S. Jurecki, 2021. "Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    15. Kim, Sunuk & Oh, Han Jin & Han, Sang Ju & Ko, Han Seo & Shin, Youhwan & Shin, Dong Ho, 2022. "Development of black-ice removal system with latent heat thermal energy storage and solar thermal collectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    16. Andrea Di Martino & Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh & Michela Longo, 2022. "Strategies for the Modelisation of Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-20, October.
    17. Xiang Zhang & David Rey & S. Travis Waller & Nathan Chen, 2019. "Range-Constrained Traffic Assignment with Multi-Modal Recharge for Electric Vehicles," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 633-668, June.
    18. Khaleghikarahrodi, Mehrsa & Macht, Gretchen A., 2023. "Patterns, no patterns, that is the question: Quantifying users’ electric vehicle charging," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 291-304.
    19. Xianchun Tan & Yuan Zeng & Baihe Gu & Yi Wang & Baoguang Xu, 2018. "Scenario Analysis of Urban Road Transportation Energy Demand and GHG Emissions in China—A Case Study for Chongqing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-32, June.
    20. Wang, An & Tu, Ran & Gai, Yijun & Pereira, Lucas G. & Vaughan, J. & Posen, I. Daniel & Miller, Eric J. & Hatzopoulou, Marianne, 2020. "Capturing uncertainty in emission estimates related to vehicle electrification and implications for metropolitan greenhouse gas emission inventories," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:14:p:5571-:d:1200800. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.