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Optimized Configuration and Operating Plan for Hydrogen Refueling Station with On-Site Electrolytic Production

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Sun

    (College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Yonggang Peng

    (College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Di Lu

    (Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310000, China)

  • Xiaofeng Chen

    (Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310000, China)

  • Weifeng Xu

    (State Grid Zhejiang Hangzhou Xiaoshan Power Supply Corporation, Hangzhou 311200, China)

  • Liguo Weng

    (State Grid Zhejiang Hangzhou Xiaoshan Power Supply Corporation, Hangzhou 311200, China)

  • Jun Wu

    (State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China)

Abstract

Hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are critical for the popularity of hydrogen vehicles (fuel cell electric vehicles—FCEVs). However, due to high installation investment and operating costs, the proliferation of HRSs is difficult. This paper studies HRSs with on-site electrolytic production and hydrogen storage devices and proposes an optimization method to minimize the total costs including both installation investment and operating costs (OPT-ISL method). Moreover, to acquire the optimization constraints of hydrogen demand, this paper creatively develops a refueling behavior simulation method for different kinds of FCEVs and proposes a hydrogen-demand estimation model to forecast the demand with hourly intervals for HRS. The Jensen–Shannon divergence is applied to verify the accuracy of the hydrogen-demand estimation. The result: 0.029 is much smaller than that of the estimation method in reference. Based on the estimation results and peak-valley prices of electricity from the grid, a daily hydrogen generation plan is obtained, as well as the optimal capacities of electrolyzers and storage devices. As for the whole costs, compared with previous configuration methods that only consider investment costs or operating costs, the proposed OPT-ISL method has the least, 8.1 and 10.5% less, respectively. Moreover, the proposed OPT-ISL method shortens the break-even time for HRS from 11.1 years to 7.8 years, a decrease of 29.7%, so that the HRS could recover its costs in less time.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Sun & Yonggang Peng & Di Lu & Xiaofeng Chen & Weifeng Xu & Liguo Weng & Jun Wu, 2022. "Optimized Configuration and Operating Plan for Hydrogen Refueling Station with On-Site Electrolytic Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2348-:d:777913
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reuß, M. & Grube, T. & Robinius, M. & Preuster, P. & Wasserscheid, P. & Stolten, D., 2017. "Seasonal storage and alternative carriers: A flexible hydrogen supply chain model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 290-302.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ucok, Mehmet Doğan, 2026. "Advancing sustainable transport: Renewable energy integration in hydrogen refueling stations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).
    2. Mengxuan Yan & Shen-En Peng & Chun Sing Lai & Si-Zhe Chen & Jing Liu & Junhua Xu & Fangyuan Xu & Loi Lei Lai & Gang Chen, 2023. "Two-Layer Optimization Planning Model for Integrated Energy Systems in Hydrogen Refueling Original Station," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Sofia Polymeni & Vasileios Pitsiavas & Georgios Spanos & Quentin Matthewson & Antonios Lalas & Konstantinos Votis & Dimitrios Tzovaras, 2024. "Toward Sustainable Mobility: AI-Enabled Automated Refueling for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Tjard Bätge & Steffen Heinke & Christian Weckenborg & Marco Karig & Wilhelm Tegethoff & Jürgen Köhler & Thomas S. Spengler, 2026. "Configuration planning for gaseous hydrogen refueling stations: a techno-economic assessment," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 96(2), pages 409-456, April.
    5. Basnet, Sarad & Deschinkel, Karine & Le Moyne, Luis & Cécile Péra, Marie, 2026. "Cost-optimal hydrogen refueling scheduling for bus fleet in a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
    6. Di Lu & Jing Sun & Yonggang Peng & Xiaofeng Chen, 2022. "Optimized Operation Plan for Hydrogen Refueling Station with On-Site Electrolytic Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Zhou, Jun & Du, Penghua & Liang, Guangchuan & Chang, Heng & Zhu, Jiaxing, 2025. "Highway hydrogen refueling station siting considering hydrogen sources, transportation and station type," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).

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