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Review of Hydrogen Production Techniques from Water Using Renewable Energy Sources and Its Storage in Salt Caverns

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  • Mahdi Takach

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Mirza Sarajlić

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Dorothee Peters

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Michael Kroener

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Frank Schuldt

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Karsten von Maydell

    (DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

Abstract

Hydrogen is becoming an increasingly important energy carrier in sector integration for fuel cell transportation, heat and electricity. Underground salt caverns are one of the most promising ways to store the hydrogen obtained from water electrolysis using power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). At the same time, the production of hydrogen can be used to avoid energy curtailments during times of low electricity demand or low prices. The stored hydrogen can also be used during times of high energy demand for power generation, e.g., with fuel cells, to cover the fluctuations and shortages caused by low RES generation. This article presents an overview of the techniques that were used and proposed for using excess energy from RES for hydrogen production from water and its storage techniques, especially in underground salt caverns, for the aforementioned purpose, and its feasibility. This paper compares and summarizes the competing technologies based on the current state-of-the-art, identifies some of the difficulties in hydrogen production and storage, and discusses which technology is the most promising. The related analysis compares cost and techno-economic feasibility with regard to hydrogen production and storage systems. The paper also identifies the potential, technical challenges and the limitations associated with hydrogen integration into the power grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahdi Takach & Mirza Sarajlić & Dorothee Peters & Michael Kroener & Frank Schuldt & Karsten von Maydell, 2022. "Review of Hydrogen Production Techniques from Water Using Renewable Energy Sources and Its Storage in Salt Caverns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1415-:d:749992
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Omer Faruk Noyan & Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan & Nezih Pala, 2023. "A Global Review of the Hydrogen Energy Eco-System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, February.
    2. Fatemehsadat Mirshafiee & Emad Shahbazi & Mohadeseh Safi & Rituraj Rituraj, 2023. "Predicting Power and Hydrogen Generation of a Renewable Energy Converter Utilizing Data-Driven Methods: A Sustainable Smart Grid Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Jingcui Li & Jifang Wan & Hangming Liu & Maria Jose Jurado & Yuxian He & Guangjie Yuan & Yan Xia, 2022. "Stability Analysis of a Typical Salt Cavern Gas Storage in the Jintan Area of China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Huaguang Yan & Wenda Zhang & Jiandong Kang & Tiejiang Yuan, 2023. "The Necessity and Feasibility of Hydrogen Storage for Large-Scale, Long-Term Energy Storage in the New Power System in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Tie-Qing Zhang & Seunghun Jung & Young-Bae Kim, 2022. "Hydrogen Production System through Dimethyl Ether Autothermal Reforming, Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-16, November.

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