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Energy Consumption Depending on the Durability of Pellets Formed from Sawdust with an Admixture of FFP2 Masks

Author

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  • Nikola Čajová Kantová

    (Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia)

  • Pavol Belány

    (Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia)

  • Michal Holubčík

    (Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia)

  • Alexander Čaja

    (Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia)

Abstract

At present, we are still feeling the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in connection with the huge amount of waste generated. However, the reuse of the produced waste in other processes requires energy consumption. This article deals with the reuse of face masks FFP2, which were added as an admixture to spruce or beech sawdust and then processed into pellets. During the production process of the pellets, energy consumption was measured and further converted to one ton of pellets, and also the consumption was reflected in the price of electricity. After storage, the mechanical durability and dimensions of the individual pellets were measured, and their density was calculated. Based on the results, it can be concluded that spruce pellets with 10% face masks FFP2 (consumption 747.41 kWh; durability 97.53%) and beech pellets with 5% face masks FFP2 (consumption 721.27 kWh; durability 97.38%) achieved higher values of mechanical durability and also consumed more energy than the remaining samples with lower values of durability without considering the sample with spruce sawdust and 5% FFP2 face masks (consumption 872.63 kWh; durability 91.68%). The production of spruce pellets with 5% FFP2 face masks was affected mainly by cold outside weather.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikola Čajová Kantová & Pavol Belány & Michal Holubčík & Alexander Čaja, 2022. "Energy Consumption Depending on the Durability of Pellets Formed from Sawdust with an Admixture of FFP2 Masks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4813-:d:853336
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mostafa, Mohamed E. & Hu, Song & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Xun & Elsayed, Saad A. & Xiang, Jun, 2019. "The significance of pelletization operating conditions: An analysis of physical and mechanical characteristics as well as energy consumption of biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 332-348.
    2. Hamid Rezaei & Fahimeh Yazdan Panah & C. Jim Lim & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2020. "Pelletization of Refuse-Derived Fuel with Varying Compositions of Plastic, Paper, Organic and Wood," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-11, June.
    3. Andrzej Kuranc & Monika Stoma & Leszek Rydzak & Monika Pilipiuk, 2020. "Durability Assessment of Wooden Pellets in Relation with Vibrations Occurring in a Logistic Process of the Final Product," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Marcela Taušová & Eva Mihaliková & Katarína Čulková & Beáta Stehlíková & Peter Tauš & Dušan Kudelas & Ľubomír Štrba & Lucia Domaracká, 2020. "Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stachowicz, Paweł & Stolarski, Mariusz J., 2024. "Pellets from mixtures of short rotation coppice with forest-derived biomass: Production costs and energy intensity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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