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Barriers behind the Retarded Shallow Geothermal Deployment in Specific Areas: A Comparative Case Study between Southern Spain and Germany

Author

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  • Adela Ramos-Escudero

    (Electronics, Computer Architecture and Projects Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain)

  • María del Socorro García-Cascales

    (Electronics, Computer Architecture and Projects Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain)

Abstract

Shallow Geothermal Energy (SGE) extracted by Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a proven clean and profitable technology. Although it is available almost everywhere, its market enjoys different maturity levels along with the other EU Members and even those within the same country. In the Murcia region, in Southern Spain, the presence of GSHP is almost nonexistent. Germany, in contrast, has an extensive tradition of exploiting its SGE resources and is an example of a mature GSHP market. In this work, the technical and non-technical barriers were assessed in both countries to identify the site-specific parameters preventing a better deployment of SGE in Southern Spain. In addition, a SWOT analysis was conducted to highlight the parameters positively and negatively influencing the geothermal resource extraction. Results showed that both study cases showed similar and good technical conditions, such as sufficient resource 80 W/m approx. or a similar impact on the environment mainly due to the use of electricity consumed. However, the regulation and legal framework greatly varied from one area to another. In conclusion, the main factors causing a poor deployment are the lack of specific regulation or regional administration support.

Suggested Citation

  • Adela Ramos-Escudero & María del Socorro García-Cascales, 2022. "Barriers behind the Retarded Shallow Geothermal Deployment in Specific Areas: A Comparative Case Study between Southern Spain and Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4596-:d:846116
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francesco Tinti & Sara Kasmaee & Mohamed Elkarmoty & Stefano Bonduà & Villiam Bortolotti, 2018. "Suitability Evaluation of Specific Shallow Geothermal Technologies Using a GIS-Based Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Implementing the Analytic Hierarchic Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Gemelli, Alberto & Mancini, Adriano & Longhi, Sauro, 2011. "GIS-based energy-economic model of low temperature geothermal resources: A case study in the Italian Marche region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2474-2483.
    3. Adela Ramos-Escudero & M. Socorro García-Cascales & Javier F. Urchueguía, 2021. "Evaluation of the Shallow Geothermal Potential for Heating and Cooling and Its Integration in the Socioeconomic Environment: A Case Study in the Region of Murcia, Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Saner, Dominik & Juraske, Ronnie & Kübert, Markus & Blum, Philipp & Hellweg, Stefanie & Bayer, Peter, 2010. "Is it only CO2 that matters? A life cycle perspective on shallow geothermal systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 1798-1813, September.
    5. Rodolfo Perego & Sebastian Pera & Antonio Galgaro, 2019. "Techno-Economic Mapping for the Improvement of Shallow Geothermal Management in Southern Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-24, January.
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    1. Jordi García-Céspedes & Ignasi Herms & Georgina Arnó & José Juan de Felipe, 2022. "Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-31, December.

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