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Scenarios on the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Distribution Grids

Author

Listed:
  • Seppo Borenius

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Petri Tuomainen

    (KSS Verkko Oy, 45100 Kouvola, Finland)

  • Jyri Tompuri

    (KSS Verkko Oy, 45100 Kouvola, Finland)

  • Jesse Mansikkamäki

    (KSS Verkko Oy, 45100 Kouvola, Finland)

  • Matti Lehtonen

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Heikki Hämmäinen

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Raimo Kantola

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

The electricity sector has a central role in the efforts to meet climate targets. Consequently, efforts are taking place to electrify industry, heating, and transportation. The Finnish government has set the target to halve carbon dioxide traffic emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. Due to this target, the currently small proportion of electric vehicles (EVs) in Finland could expand in a manner that is difficult to forecast but could be exponential. Amid already strained investment budgets, anticipating the alternative scenarios and impacts of such a transport electrification evolution is of high importance to distribution system operators in order to optimize network planning and enhancements during the coming 15–25 years. The novelty and contribution of this paper is in utilizing a formal scenario planning process to envision what the alternative scenarios are (i.e., possible futures) for the evolution of the electric car fleet in Finland until 2040 and how these alternative scenarios could impact distribution grids. The impact analysis is performed in terms of additional energy and additional power in order to gain an understanding of the high-level impacts and investment needs. The analysis utilizes a real distribution grid in southern Finland as a case example that enables quantification. The results indicate the electric vehicles will, depending the scenario, pose an essential additional load in terms of both energy and power and that the required investment levels and investment types will be heavily dependent on the scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Seppo Borenius & Petri Tuomainen & Jyri Tompuri & Jesse Mansikkamäki & Matti Lehtonen & Heikki Hämmäinen & Raimo Kantola, 2022. "Scenarios on the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-30, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4534-:d:844235
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thamer Alquthami & Abdullah Alsubaie & Mohannad Alkhraijah & Khalid Alqahtani & Saad Alshahrani & Murad Anwar, 2022. "Investigating the Impact of Electric Vehicles Demand on the Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Tiande Mo & Kin-tak Lau & Yu Li & Chi-kin Poon & Yinghong Wu & Paul K. Chu & Yang Luo, 2022. "Commercialization of Electric Vehicles in Hong Kong," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-27, January.
    3. Gonzalez Venegas, Felipe & Petit, Marc & Perez, Yannick, 2021. "Active integration of electric vehicles into distribution grids: Barriers and frameworks for flexibility services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    4. Liimatainen, Heikki & van Vliet, Oscar & Aplyn, David, 2019. "The potential of electric trucks – An international commodity-level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 804-814.
    5. Muhammad Naveed Iqbal & Lauri Kütt & Matti Lehtonen & Robert John Millar & Verner Püvi & Anton Rassõlkin & Galina L. Demidova, 2021. "Travel Activity Based Stochastic Modelling of Load and Charging State of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hwa-Dong Liu & Guo-Jyun Gao & Shiue-Der Lu & Yi-Hsuan Hung, 2022. "A Novel LCOT Control Strategy for Self-Driving Electric Mobile Robots," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-18, December.

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