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Determining the Effectiveness of Street Cleaning with the Use of Decision Analysis and Research on the Reduction in Chloride in Waste

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  • Anna Gronba-Chyła

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Generowicz

    (Department of Environmental Technologies, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Paweł Kwaśnicki

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
    Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland)

  • Dawid Cycoń

    (Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland)

  • Justyna Kwaśny

    (Department of Environmental Technologies, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Grąz

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Gaska

    (Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Józef Ciuła

    (Institute of Engineering, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, ul. Zamenhofa 1A, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland)

Abstract

Waste from street cleaning is usually of a fine fraction below 10 mm and varies greatly in both quantity and composition. It may be composed of chlorides, especially for that resulting during winter due to the use of street de-icing agents. Chlorides can cause the salinization of surface water and groundwater, and the salinization of soils, which in turn lead to the deterioration of water purity and a decrease in biodiversity of aquatic organisms, changes in microbiological structure, and increases in toxicity of metals. Therefore, it is very important to determine the level of salinity in stored waste and its impact on the environment. The present study was conducted in a city of about 55,000 inhabitants. The highest chloride concentrations were observed after winter in waste from street and sidewalk cleaning around the sewer gullies, amounting to 1468 mg/dm 3 . The lowest chloride concentration in this waste occurred in summer and amounted to 35 mg/dm 3 . The multi-criteria analysis indicated that the most beneficial form of street cleaning and, thus, of reductions in chloride concentration in the waste from street cleaning, would be sweeping and daily washing. The objective of this research was to determine the amount of chlorides in sweepings on an annual basis in order to determine the potential risks associated with their impact on select aspects of the environment and to evaluate the frequency of necessary cleaning for city streets, considering the effects. The methodology used was a multi-criteria evaluation, which as a decision analysis, allowed us to determine the frequency of cleaning and washing of streets, in such a way that an ecological effect is achieved with simultaneous economic efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Dawid Cycoń & Justyna Kwaśny & Katarzyna Grąz & Krzysztof Gaska & Józef Ciuła, 2022. "Determining the Effectiveness of Street Cleaning with the Use of Decision Analysis and Research on the Reduction in Chloride in Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3538-:d:813815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qureshi, M. E. & Harrison, S. R. & Wegener, M. K., 1999. "Validation of multicriteria analysis models," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 105-116, November.
    2. Krzysztof Gaska & Agnieszka Generowicz, 2020. "SMART Computational Solutions for the Optimization of Selected Technology Processes as an Innovation and Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency of Smart Cities—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-41, June.
    3. Józef Ciuła & Violetta Kozik & Agnieszka Generowicz & Krzysztof Gaska & Andrzej Bak & Marlena Paździor & Krzysztof Barbusiński, 2020. "Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Shmelev, S.E. & Powell, J.R., 2006. "Ecological-economic modelling for strategic regional waste management systems," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 115-130, August.
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    1. Józef Ciuła & Iwona Wiewiórska & Marian Banaś & Tadeusz Pająk & Piotr Szewczyk, 2023. "Balance and Energy Use of Biogas in Poland: Prospects and Directions of Development for the Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-12, May.
    2. Józef Ciuła & Sławomir Kowalski & Agnieszka Generowicz & Krzysztof Barbusiński & Zbigniew Matuszak & Krzysztof Gaska, 2023. "Analysis of Energy Generation Efficiency and Reliability of a Cogeneration Unit Powered by Biogas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Krzysztof Gaska & Agnieszka Generowicz & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Józef Ciuła & Iwona Wiewiórska & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Marcin Mala & Krzysztof Chyła, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence Methods for Analysis and Optimization of CHP Cogeneration Units Based on Landfill Biogas as a Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency and Limiting Climate Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.

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