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Electromobility and Flexibility Management on a Non-Interconnected Island

Author

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  • Enea Mele

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Anastasios Natsis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Aphrodite Ktena

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Christos Manasis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Nicholas Assimakis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

Abstract

The increasing penetration of electrical vehicles (EVs), on the way to decarbonizing the transportation sector, presents several challenges and opportunities for the end users, the distribution grid, and the electricity markets. Uncontrollable EV charging may increase peak demand and impact the grid stability and reliability, especially in the case of non-interconnected microgrids such as the distribution grids of small islands. On the other hand, if EVs are considered as flexible loads and distributed storage, they may offer Vehicle to Grid (V2G) services and contribute to demand-side management through smart charging and discharging. In this work, we present a study on the penetration of EVs and the flexibility they may offer for services to the grid, using a genetic algorithm for optimum valley filling and peak shaving for the case of a non-interconnected island where the electricity demand is several times higher during the summer due to the influx of tourists. Test cases have been developed for various charging/discharging strategies and mobility patterns. Their results are discussed with respect to the current generating capacity of the island as well as the future case where part of the electricity demand will have to be met by renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic plants, in order to minimize the island’s carbon footprint. Higher EV penetration, in the range of 20–25%, is enabled through smart charging strategies and V2G services, especially for load profiles with a large difference between the peak and low demands. However, the EV penetration and available flexibility is subject to the mobility needs and limited by the population and the size of the road network of the island itself rather than the grid needs and constraints. Limitations and challenges concerning efficient V2G services on a non-interconnected microgrid are identified. The results will be used in the design of a smart charging controller linked to the microgrid’s energy management system.

Suggested Citation

  • Enea Mele & Anastasios Natsis & Aphrodite Ktena & Christos Manasis & Nicholas Assimakis, 2021. "Electromobility and Flexibility Management on a Non-Interconnected Island," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1337-:d:508298
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Monica Alonso & Hortensia Amaris & Jean Gardy Germain & Juan Manuel Galan, 2014. "Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by Heuristic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-27, April.
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    1. Ioannis Karakitsios & Dimitrios Lagos & Aris Dimeas & Nikos Hatziargyriou, 2023. "How Can EVs Support High RES Penetration in Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.
    2. George Stamatellos & Tassos Stamatelos, 2023. "Study of an nZEB Office Building with Storage in Electric Vehicle Batteries and Dispatch of a Natural Gas-Fuelled Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, April.

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