IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i7p1766-d342250.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandro Suardi

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Sergio Saia

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Walter Stefanoni

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

  • Carina Gunnarsson

    (Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Ultunaallén 4, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Martin Sundberg

    (Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Ultunaallén 4, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Luigi Pari

    (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via della Pascolare, 16 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome) Italy)

Abstract

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha −1 ), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Suardi & Sergio Saia & Walter Stefanoni & Carina Gunnarsson & Martin Sundberg & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1766-:d:342250
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/7/1766/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/7/1766/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alessandro Suardi & Simone Bergonzoli & Vincenzo Alfano & Antonio Scarfone & Luigi Pari, 2019. "Economic Distance to Gather Agricultural Residues from the Field to the Integrated Biomass Logistic Centre: A Spanish Case-Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Sahoo, K. & Hawkins, G.L. & Yao, X.A. & Samples, K. & Mani, S., 2016. "GIS-based biomass assessment and supply logistics system for a sustainable biorefinery: A case study with cotton stalks in the Southeastern US," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 260-273.
    3. Simone Bergonzoli & Alessandro Suardi & Negar Rezaie & Vincenzo Alfano & Luigi Pari, 2020. "An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Mikael Lantz & Thomas Prade & Serina Ahlgren & Lovisa Björnsson, 2018. "Biogas and Ethanol from Wheat Grain or Straw: Is There a Trade-Off between Climate Impact, Avoidance of iLUC and Production Cost?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-31, October.
    5. Ying Xu & Lisa Mølgaard Lehmann & Silvestre García de Jalón & Bhim Bahadur Ghaley, 2019. "Assessment of Productivity and Economic Viability of Combined Food and Energy (CFE) Production System in Denmark," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Consuelo Attolico & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Mechanical Harvesting of Camelina: Work Productivity, Costs and Seed Loss Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni & Alessandro Suardi & Vincenzo Alfano & Simone Bergonzoli & Nadia Palmieri & Luigi Pari, 2020. "A GIS Approach to Locate a Small Size Biomass Plant Powered by Olive Pruning and to Estimate Supply Chain Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Luigi Pari & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni, 2020. "Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Nadia Palmieri & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Assessing the Camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) Seed Harvesting Using a Combine Harvester: A Case-Study on the Assessment of Work Performance and Seed Loss," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Alessandro Suardi & Walter Stefanoni & Simone Bergonzoli & Francesco Latterini & Nils Jonsson & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Comparison between Two Strategies for the Collection of Wheat Residue after Mechanical Harvesting: Performance and Cost Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    6. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Luigi Pari, 2023. "Perennial Grass Species for Bioenergy Production: The State of the Art in Mechanical Harvesting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Efthymios Rodias & Remigio Berruto & Dionysis Bochtis & Alessandro Sopegno & Patrizia Busato, 2019. "Green, Yellow, and Woody Biomass Supply-Chain Management: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Chopin, Pierre & Guindé, Loïc & Causeret, François & Bergkvist, Göran & Blazy, Jean-Marc, 2019. "Integrating stakeholder preferences into assessment of scenarios for electricity production from locally produced biomass on a small island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 128-136.
    3. Luigi Pari & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni, 2020. "Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Arkadiusz Dyjakon & Tomasz Noszczyk, 2019. "The Influence of Freezing Temperature Storage on the Mechanical Durability of Commercial Pellets from Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Soha, Tamás & Papp, Luca & Csontos, Csaba & Munkácsy, Béla, 2021. "The importance of high crop residue demand on biogas plant site selection, scaling and feedstock allocation – A regional scale concept in a Hungarian study area," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    6. Daraei, Mahsa & Avelin, Anders & Dotzauer, Erik & Thorin, Eva, 2019. "Evaluation of biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants and the impacts on production planning of the system – A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Simone Bergonzoli & Alessandro Suardi & Negar Rezaie & Vincenzo Alfano & Luigi Pari, 2020. "An Innovative System for Maize Cob and Wheat Chaff Harvesting: Simultaneous Grain and Residues Collection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Grzegorz Maj & Paweł Krzaczek & Wojciech Gołębiowski & Tomasz Słowik & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Grzegorz Zając, 2022. "Energy Consumption and Quality of Pellets Made of Waste from Corn Grain Drying Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, July.
    9. Chen, Yan & Huang, Zhenhua & Ai, Hongshan & Guo, Xingkun & Luo, Fan, 2021. "The Impact of GIS/GPS Network Information Systems on the Logistics Distribution Cost of Tobacco Enterprises," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Pajones, Markus & Pfoser, Sarah, 2018. "Supporting the selection of sustainable logistics locations," Chapters from the Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), in: Jahn, Carlos & Kersten, Wolfgang & Ringle, Christian M. (ed.), Logistics 4.0 and Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Innovative Solutions for Logistics and Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Context of In, volume 26, pages 169-182, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Business Logistics and General Management.
    11. Yanmei Liu & Astley Hastings & Shaolin Chen & André Faaij, 2023. "A Spatially Explicit Evaluation of the Economic Performance of a Perennial Energy Crop on the Marginal Land of the Loess Plateau and China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-27, July.
    12. Dainius Steponavičius & Aurelija Kemzūraitė & Edvinas Pužauskas & Rolandas Domeika & Andrius Grigas & Deividas Karalius, 2023. "Shape Optimization of Concave Crossbars to Increase Threshing Performance of Moist Corn Ears," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, April.
    13. Hu, Sheng-Chun & Cheng, Jie & Wang, Wu-Ping & Sun, Guo-Tao & Hu, Li-Le & Zhu, Ming-Qiang & Huang, Xiao-Hua, 2021. "Structural changes and electrochemical properties of lacquer wood activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid-chemical activation for supercapacitor applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 82-94.
    14. Johanna Olofsson, 2021. "Time-Dependent Climate Impact of Utilizing Residual Biomass for Biofuels—The Combined Influence of Modelling Choices and Climate Impact Metrics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Jayarathna, Lasinidu & Kent, Geoff & O'Hara, Ian & Hobson, Philip, 2020. "A Geographical Information System based framework to identify optimal location and size of biomass energy plants using single or multiple biomass types," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    16. Smith, Laurence G. & Westaway, Sally & Mullender, Samantha & Ghaley, Bhim Bahadur & Xu, Ying & Lehmann, Lisa Mølgaard & Pisanelli, Andrea & Russo, Giuseppe & Borek, Robert & Wawer, Rafał & Borzęcka, M, 2022. "Assessing the multidimensional elements of sustainability in European agroforestry systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    17. Piotr Gradziuk & Barbara Gradziuk & Anna Trocewicz & Błażej Jendrzejewski, 2020. "Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland—Forecasts Based on Trend and Causal Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-22, September.
    18. Sharma, B. & Birrell, S. & Miguez, F.E., 2017. "Spatial modeling framework for bioethanol plant siting and biofuel production potential in the U.S," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 75-86.
    19. Cheng, Jie & Hu, Sheng-Chun & Geng, Zeng-Chao & Zhu, Ming-Qiang, 2022. "Effect of structural changes of lignin during the microwave-assisted alkaline/ethanol pretreatment on cotton stalk for an effective enzymatic hydrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    20. Sylvia Haus & Lovisa Björnsson & Pål Börjesson, 2020. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1766-:d:342250. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.