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Optimizing Biomass Supply Chains to Power Plants under Ecological and Social Restrictions: Case Study from Poland

Author

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  • Jan Banaś

    (Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Utnik-Banaś

    (Department of Management and Economics of Enterprises, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-120 Kraków, Poland)

  • Stanisław Zięba

    (Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The growing demand for social and regulatory forest ecosystem services can significantly modify the availability and cost of biomass for energy purposes. This article presents a model for optimizing biomass supply chains using a linear programming framework integrated with a geographic information system (GIS). Based on a given type of biomass resource, its calorific value, price, distance from the power plant, and transportation costs, the model identifies the optimal source of biomass, allowing it to cover the demand for the required total energy value with the lowest possible costs. The case study includes the Połaniec power plant in southeastern Poland and potential sources of forest biomass and agricultural straw within 100 km of the plant. The impact of constraints on the availability and cost of biomass was analyzed in the following scenarios: (1) all forest and agriculture biomass is available, (2) forest area in Natura 2000 network is excluded, and (3) firewood and forests with dominated ecological and social function are excluded. Unit costs of biomass varied depending on biomass availability and energy demands. The lowest unit costs of biomass (3.19 EUR/MJ) were for energy demand at the level of 1 TJ yearly for all kinds of biomass and the highest (4.91 EUR/MJ) for ecological and social constraints and energy demand 4 TJ. As energy demand increased, unit costs increased, and the ability to meet this demand with just one type of biomass decreased. The energy biomass sector can utilize the model to benefit both biomass producers and their final buyers.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Banaś & Katarzyna Utnik-Banaś & Stanisław Zięba, 2024. "Optimizing Biomass Supply Chains to Power Plants under Ecological and Social Restrictions: Case Study from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:13:p:3136-:d:1422125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sahoo, K. & Hawkins, G.L. & Yao, X.A. & Samples, K. & Mani, S., 2016. "GIS-based biomass assessment and supply logistics system for a sustainable biorefinery: A case study with cotton stalks in the Southeastern US," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 260-273.
    2. Kolton Keith & Krystel K. Castillo-Villar, 2023. "Stochastic Programming Model Integrating Pyrolysis Byproducts in the Design of Bioenergy Supply Chains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Wu, Juanjuan & Zhang, Jian & Yi, Weiming & Cai, Hongzhen & Li, Yang & Su, Zhanpeng, 2022. "Agri-biomass supply chain optimization in north China: Model development and application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
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