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Adaptive Control of HVDC Links for Frequency Stability Enhancement in Low-Inertia Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Jelena Stojković

    (School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Aleksandra Lekić

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2629 Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Predrag Stefanov

    (School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

Abstract

Decarbonization of power systems has put Renewable Energy Sources (RES) at the forefront when it comes to electric power generation. The increasing shares of converter-connected renewable generation cause a decrease of the rotational inertia of the Electric Power System (EPS), and consequently deteriorate the system capability to withstand large load-generation imbalances. Low-inertia systems are subjected to fast and large frequency changes in case of in-feed loss, where the traditional primary frequency control is not sufficient to preserve the frequency stability and to maintain the frequency above the critical value. One possible solution to this rising problem is seen in Fast Frequency Response (FFR) provided by the High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC)-based systems. This paper presents the adaptive FFR control of HVDC-based systems for frequency stability enhancement in the low-inertia system. The EPS is considered as a “black box” and the HVDC response is determined only using the locally measured frequency change. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) was developed and demonstrated to provide faster and more appropriate frequency response compared to the PI controller. The described adaptive HVDC control considers the size of disturbance and the inertia of the power system, and it is verified by simulations on the IEEE 39 bus test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink for different system configurations and different sizes of disturbance.

Suggested Citation

  • Jelena Stojković & Aleksandra Lekić & Predrag Stefanov, 2020. "Adaptive Control of HVDC Links for Frequency Stability Enhancement in Low-Inertia Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6162-:d:450102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marta Haro-Larrode & Maider Santos-Mugica & Agurtzane Etxegarai & Pablo Eguia, 2020. "Methodology for Tuning MTDC Supervisory and Frequency-Response Control Systems at Terminal Level under Over-Frequency Events," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Shangen Tian & David Campos-Gaona & Vinícius A. Lacerda & Raymundo E. Torres-Olguin & Olimpo Anaya-Lara, 2020. "Novel Control Approach for a Hybrid Grid-Forming HVDC Offshore Transmission System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
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    4. Waqar Uddin & Kamran Zeb & Muhammad Adil Khan & Muhammad Ishfaq & Imran Khan & Saif ul Islam & Hee-Je Kim & Gwan Soo Park & Cheewoo Lee, 2019. "Control of Output and Circulating Current of Modular Multilevel Converter Using a Sliding Mode Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Jafar Jallad & Saad Mekhilef & Hazlie Mokhlis, 2017. "Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-29, August.
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    1. Tianwen Zheng & Laijun Chen & Yan Guo & Wei Wei & Bo Zhou & Xinwei Sun, 2021. "A VSG-Based Coordinated DC Voltage Control for VSC-HVDC to Participate in Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Ahmed, Faraedoon & Al Kez, Dlzar & McLoone, Seán & Best, Robert James & Cameron, Ché & Foley, Aoife, 2023. "Dynamic grid stability in low carbon power systems with minimum inertia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 486-506.

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