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Restoring Pre-Industrial CO 2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Author

Listed:
  • Mark E. Capron

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Jim R. Stewart

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Antoine de Ramon N’Yeurt

    (Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Michael D. Chambers

    (Department of Food and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Jang K. Kim

    (Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea)

  • Charles Yarish

    (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT 06901, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Anthony T. Jones

    (Intake Works, Sacramento, CA 95820, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Reginald B. Blaylock

    (Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Center, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Scott C. James

    (Department of Geology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Rae Fuhrman

    (Stingray Sensing, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Martin T. Sherman

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA
    Part of a MARINER (U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E) Team.)

  • Don Piper

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA)

  • Graham Harris

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA)

  • Mohammed A. Hasan

    (Ocean Foresters, Oxnard, CA 93003, USA)

Abstract

Unless humanity achieves United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and restores the relatively stable climate of pre-industrial CO 2 levels (as early as 2140), species extinctions, starvation, drought/floods, and violence will exacerbate mass migrations. This paper presents conceptual designs and techno-economic analyses to calculate sustainable limits for growing high-protein seafood and macroalgae-for-biofuel. We review the availability of wet solid waste and outline the mass balance of carbon and plant nutrients passing through a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The paper reviews the availability of dry solid waste and dry biomass for bioenergy with CO 2 capture and storage (BECCS) while generating Allam Cycle electricity. Sufficient wet-waste biomass supports quickly building hydrothermal liquefaction facilities. Macroalgae-for-biofuel technology can be developed and straightforwardly implemented on SDG-achieving high protein seafood infrastructure. The analyses indicate a potential for (1) 0.5 billion tonnes/yr of seafood; (2) 20 million barrels/day of biofuel from solid waste; (3) more biocrude oil from macroalgae than current fossil oil; and (4) sequestration of 28 to 38 billion tonnes/yr of bio-CO 2 . Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) costs are between 25–33% of those for BECCS with pre-2019 technology or the projected cost of air-capture CDR.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark E. Capron & Jim R. Stewart & Antoine de Ramon N’Yeurt & Michael D. Chambers & Jang K. Kim & Charles Yarish & Anthony T. Jones & Reginald B. Blaylock & Scott C. James & Rae Fuhrman & Martin T. She, 2020. "Restoring Pre-Industrial CO 2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-30, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4972-:d:417377
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marek Wieruszewski & Katarzyna Mydlarz, 2022. "The Potential of the Bioenergy Market in the European Union—An Overview of Energy Biomass Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.
    2. Yong, Wilson Thau Lym & Thien, Vun Yee & Rupert, Rennielyn & Rodrigues, Kenneth Francis, 2022. "Seaweed: A potential climate change solution," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

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