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Assessment of Energy Storage from Photovoltaic Installations in Poland Using Batteries or Hydrogen

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  • Bernard Knutel

    (Division of Low-Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Anna Pierzyńska

    (Division of Low-Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Marcin Dębowski

    (Division of Low-Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Przemysław Bukowski

    (Division of Low-Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Arkadiusz Dyjakon

    (Division of Low-Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

This paper presents a series of economic efficiency studies comparing three different investment variants: without energy storage, with energy stored in batteries and hydrogen installation with a PEM fuel cell stack for a location in Poland. To reach a target, the current solar potential in Poland, the photovoltaic (PV) productivity, the capacity of the energy storage in batteries as well as the size of the hydrogen production system were calculated. The solar potential was determined using archival meteorological data and the Krieg estimation method. A laboratory scale PV system (1 kW) was used to estimate the decrease in real solar installation power during the last 10 years of operation. All analyses were made for a 100 kW photovoltaic array located in Poland using static and dynamic methods of investment project assessment, such as Simply Bay Back Period (SPBP) or Net Present Value (NPV). The results showed that the SPBP amounted to 8.8 years and NPV 54,896 € for non-storage systems. Whereas, for systems with energy stored the economic indexes were, as follow: SPBP = never, NPV = 183,428 € for batteries and SPBP = 14.74 years, NPV = 22,639 € for hydrogen/fuel cell installation. Storage in hydrogen is more advantageous than batteries due to the smaller investment outlays.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Knutel & Anna Pierzyńska & Marcin Dębowski & Przemysław Bukowski & Arkadiusz Dyjakon, 2020. "Assessment of Energy Storage from Photovoltaic Installations in Poland Using Batteries or Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:15:p:4023-:d:394302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Waldemar Izdebski & Katarzyna Kosiorek, 2023. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Possibility of Electricity Production from Small Photovoltaic Installations in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1, January.
    3. Tomasz Jałowiec & Henryk Wojtaszek, 2021. "Analysis of the RES Potential in Accordance with the Energy Policy of the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-33, September.
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    6. Elżbieta Kacperska & Katarzyna Łukasiewicz & Piotr Pietrzak, 2021. "Use of Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union and the Visegrad Group Countries—Results of Cluster Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.
    7. Piotr Olczak & Dominika Matuszewska, 2023. "Energy Storage Potential Needed at the National Grid Scale (Poland) in Order to Stabilize Daily Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-11, August.
    8. Jose M. Vindel & Estrella Trincado & Antonio Sánchez-Bayón, 2021. "European Union Green Deal and the Opportunity Cost of Wastewater Treatment Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Woo-sung Kim & Hyunsang Eom & Youngsung Kwon, 2021. "Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Connected Energy Storage System Using Markov Chain Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Cuenca, Juan J. & Daly, Hannah E. & Hayes, Barry P., 2023. "Sharing the grid: The key to equitable access for small-scale energy generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    11. Marcin Bukowski & Janusz Majewski & Agnieszka Sobolewska, 2021. "Macroeconomic Efficiency of Photovoltaic Energy Production in Polish Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    12. Małgorzata Rataj & Justyna Berniak-Woźny & Marlena Plebańska, 2021. "Poland as the EU Leader in Terms of Photovoltaic Market Growth Dynamics—Behind the Scenes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    13. Clemens Fuchs & Axel Poehls & Katharina Skau & Joachim Kasten, 2021. "Economics of Battery Use in Agriculture: Economic Viability of Renewable Energy Complemented with Batteries in Agriculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, April.

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