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Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Author

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  • Samuel Santos

    (CERENA–Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Luís Nobre

    (CQE–Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • João Gomes

    (CERENA–Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R, Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Jaime Puna

    (CERENA–Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R, Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Rosa Quinta-Ferreira

    (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade de Coimbra, R. Sílvio Lina s/n, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • João Bordado

    (CERENA–Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

In this study, micro-structured calcium oxide obtained from the calcination (850 °C for 3 h) of Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) eggshells was used as a catalyst in the transesterification of soybean oil. This catalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM) methods. The structure of the obtained CaO showed several agglomerates of white granular solids with a non-regular and unsymmetrical shape. In terms of calcium oxide catalytic activity, three different catalyst loadings (1%wt, 3%wt, and 5%wt) were tested for the same reaction conditions, resulting in transesterification yields of 77.27%wt, 84.53%wt, and 85.83%wt respectively. The results were compared to the current literature, and whilst they were lower, they were promising, allowing us to conclude that the tendency of yield improvement for this reaction, when the size range of catalyst particles is to be reduced to a nano scale, can be verified.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Santos & Luís Nobre & João Gomes & Jaime Puna & Rosa Quinta-Ferreira & João Bordado, 2019. "Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:24:p:4670-:d:295665
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Arun, S.B & Karthik, B.M & Yatish, K.V & Prashanth, K.N & Balakrishna, Geetha R., 2023. "Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using the Bombax ceiba plant: Biodiesel production and nano-additive to investigate diesel engine performance-emission characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    2. R, Gopi & Thangarasu, Vinoth & Vinayakaselvi M, Angkayarkan & Ramanathan, Anand, 2022. "A critical review of recent advancements in continuous flow reactors and prominent integrated microreactors for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Samuel Santos & Jaime Puna & João Gomes, 2022. "A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Hoang Chinh Nguyen & Fu-Ming Wang & Kim Khue Dinh & Thanh Truc Pham & Horng-Yi Juan & Nguyen Phuong Nguyen & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Chia-Hung Su, 2020. "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.

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