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A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production

Author

Listed:
  • Samuel Santos

    (CERENA—Center for Natural Resources and Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Jaime Puna

    (CERENA—Center for Natural Resources and Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon Polytechnic, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • João Gomes

    (CERENA—Center for Natural Resources and Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon Polytechnic, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

In an era where sustainability is becoming the main driving force for research and development, supercritical fluids-based techniques are presented as a very efficient alternative technology to conventional extraction, purification, and recrystallization processes. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation is a novel technique that can replace liquid antisolvent precipitation techniques. Additionally, through the optimization of precipitation operating conditions, morphology, particle size, and particle size distribution of nanoparticles can be controlled. As an antisolvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) is far more sustainable than its conventional liquid counterparts; not only does it have a critical point (304 K and 73.8 bar) on its phase diagram that allows for the precipitation processes to be developed so close to room temperature, but also its recovery and, consequently, the precipitated solute purification stage is considerably simpler. This technique can be used efficiently for preparing nanocatalysts to be used in biodiesel production processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Santos & Jaime Puna & João Gomes, 2022. "A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9355-:d:999432
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Samuel Santos & Luís Nobre & João Gomes & Jaime Puna & Rosa Quinta-Ferreira & João Bordado, 2019. "Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    3. Knez, Ž. & Markočič, E. & Leitgeb, M. & Primožič, M. & Knez Hrnčič, M. & Škerget, M., 2014. "Industrial applications of supercritical fluids: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 235-243.
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