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Lithium ion impregnated calcium oxide as nano catalyst for the biodiesel production from karanja and jatropha oils

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  • Kaur, Mandeep
  • Ali, Amjad

Abstract

Lithium impregnated calcium oxide has been prepared by wet impregnation method in nano particle form as supported by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Basic strength of the same was measured by Hammett indicators. Calcium oxide impregnated with 1.75 wt% of lithium was used as solid catalyst for the transesterification karanja and jatropha oil, containing 3.4 and 8.3 wt% of free fatty acids, respectively. The reaction parameters, viz., reaction temperature, alcohol to oil molar ratio, free fatty acid contents, amount of catalyst and amount of impregnated lithium ion in calcium oxide support, have been studied to establish the most suitable condition for the transesterification reaction. The complete transesterification of karanja and jatropha oils was achieved in 1 and 2h, respectively, at 65°C, utilizing 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil and 5 wt% (catalyst/oil, w/w) of catalyst. Few physicochemical properties of the prepared biodiesel samples have been studied and compared with standard values.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaur, Mandeep & Ali, Amjad, 2011. "Lithium ion impregnated calcium oxide as nano catalyst for the biodiesel production from karanja and jatropha oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2866-2871.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:11:p:2866-2871
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.014
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    1. Fatih Demirbas, M., 2009. "Biorefineries for biofuel upgrading: A critical review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 151-161, November.
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    1. Kumar, Sandeep & Singhal, Mukesh Kumar & Sharma, Mahendra P., 2023. "Analysis of oil mixing for improvement of biodiesel quality with the application of mixture design method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 809-821.
    2. Ramozon Khujamberdiev & Haengmuk Cho, 2023. "Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Emission Characteristics of One-Cylinder Engine Using Waste Swine Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Samuel Santos & Luís Nobre & João Gomes & Jaime Puna & Rosa Quinta-Ferreira & João Bordado, 2019. "Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Foroutan, Rauf & Mohammadi, Reza & Razeghi, Jafar & Ramavandi, Bahman, 2021. "Biodiesel production from edible oils using algal biochar/CaO/K2CO3 as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1207-1216.
    5. Hussein, Ahmed Kadhim, 2015. "Applications of nanotechnology in renewable energies—A comprehensive overview and understanding," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 460-476.
    6. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    7. Saad Ahmad & Ali Turab Jafry & Muteeb ul Haq & Naseem Abbas & Huma Ajab & Arif Hussain & Uzair Sajjad, 2023. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Second-Generation Biodiesel with Oxygenated Additives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-33, July.
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    9. Kaur, Mandeep & Ali, Amjad, 2014. "Ethanolysis of waste cottonseed oil over lithium impregnated calcium oxide: Kinetics and reusability studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 272-279.
    10. Harsha Hebbar, H.R. & Math, M.C. & Yatish, K.V., 2018. "Optimization and kinetic study of CaO nano-particles catalyzed biodiesel production from Bombax ceiba oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 25-34.
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    12. Shelare, Sagar D. & Belkhode, Pramod N. & Nikam, Keval Chandrakant & Jathar, Laxmikant D. & Shahapurkar, Kiran & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Veza, Ibham & Khan, T.M. Yunus & Kalam, M.A. & Nizami, Ab, 2023. "Biofuels for a sustainable future: Examining the role of nano-additives, economics, policy, internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology in biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    13. Qian, Kun & Shen, Xiang & Wang, Yanxin & Gao, Qiang & Ding, Hongwei, 2015. "In-situ transesterification of Jatropha oil over an efficient solid alkali using low leaching component supported on industrial silica gel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2251-2257.
    14. Krishnamurthy, K.N. & Sridhara, S.N. & Ananda Kumar, C.S., 2020. "Optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production from Hydnocarpus wightiana oil and dairy waste scum using snail shell CaO nano catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 280-296.
    15. Veronica Winoto & Nuttawan Yoswathana, 2019. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
    16. Ganesan, Shangeetha & Nadarajah, Sivajothi & Chee, Xin Yeng & Khairuddean, Melati & Teh, Geok Bee, 2020. "Esterification of free fatty acids using ammonium ferric sulphate-calcium silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1406-1417.
    17. Ghosh, Nabanita & Khan, Abu Mustafa & Halder, Gopinath, 2025. "Advances in calcium oxide mediated catalytic biodiesel production: A paradigm shift in complying with UN's SDG7," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 391(C).
    18. Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2012. "Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3621-3647.
    19. Viswanathan, Vinoth Kannan & Kaladgi, Abdul Razak & Thomai, Pushparaj & Ağbulut, Ümit & Alwetaishi, Mamdooh & Said, Zafar & Shaik, Saboor & Afzal, Asif, 2022. "Hybrid optimization and modelling of CI engine performance and emission characteristics of novel hybrid biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 549-567.
    20. Banković–Ilić, Ivana B. & Miladinović, Marija R. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2017. "Application of nano CaO–based catalysts in biodiesel synthesis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 746-760.
    21. Zhang, X.L. & Yan, S. & Tyagi, R.D. & Surampalli, R.Y., 2013. "Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgae through transesterification and nanotechnology application in the production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 216-223.
    22. Vargas, Edgar M. & Neves, Márcia C. & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Nunes, Maria I., 2019. "Solid catalysts obtained from wastes for FAME production using mixtures of refined palm oil and waste cooking oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 873-883.
    23. Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos & Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel & Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello & Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas & Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas & Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez & Alfonso Talavera-Ló, 2021. "State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
    24. Meher, L.C. & Churamani, C.P. & Arif, Md. & Ahmed, Z. & Naik, S.N., 2013. "Jatropha curcas as a renewable source for bio-fuels—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 397-407.
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