IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i10p1940-d232900.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ

Author

Listed:
  • Sergio Nogales-Delgado

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • José María Encinar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Juan Félix González

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance due to environmental issues. This way, alternative and sustainable crops as new biofuel sources are demanded. Safflower could be a sustainable raw material for biodiesel production, showing one disadvantage (as many biodiesels from vegetable oils), that is, a short oxidative stability. Consequently, the use of antioxidants to increase this parameter is mandatory. The aim of this research work was to assess the effect of two antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA, and tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ) on the oxidative stability of safflower biodiesel, which was characterized paying attention to its fatty acid methyl ester profile. For oxidative stability, the Rancimat method was used, whereas for fatty acid profile gas chromatography was selected. For the remaining parameters, the methods were followed according to the UNE-EN 14214 standard. The overall conclusion was that safflower biodiesel could comply with the standard, thanks to the use of antioxidants, with TBHQ being more effective than BHA. On the other hand, the combined use of these antioxidants did not show, especially at low concentrations, a synergic or additive effect, which makes the mixture of these antioxidants unsuitable to improve the oxidative stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Nogales-Delgado & José María Encinar & Juan Félix González, 2019. "Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:10:p:1940-:d:232900
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/10/1940/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/10/1940/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Saluja, Rajesh Kumar & Kumar, Vineet & Sham, Radhey, 2016. "Stability of biodiesel – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 866-881.
    2. Işik, Mehmet Zerrakki & Aydin, Hüseyin, 2019. "Investigation on the effects of gasoline reactivity controlled compression ignition application in a diesel generator in high loads using safflower biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 177-189.
    3. Chan, Chung-Hung & Tang, Sook Wah & Mohd, Noor Khairin & Lim, Wen Huei & Yeong, Shoot Kian & Idris, Zainab, 2018. "Tribological behavior of biolubricant base stocks and additives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 145-157.
    4. Varatharajan, K. & Pushparani, D.S., 2018. "Screening of antioxidant additives for biodiesel fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2017-2028.
    5. Patel, Paresh D. & Lakdawala, Absar & Chourasia, Sajan & Patel, Rajesh N., 2016. "Bio fuels for compression ignition engine: A review on engine performance, emission and life cycle analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 24-43.
    6. Azadi, Pooya & Malina, Robert & Barrett, Steven R.H. & Kraft, Markus, 2017. "The evolution of the biofuel science," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1479-1484.
    7. Bárbara Françoise Cardoso & Pery Francisco Assis Shikida & Adele Finco, 2017. "Development of Brazilian Biodiesel Sector from the Perspective of Stakeholders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, March.
    8. Ji, Xi & Long, Xianling, 2016. "A review of the ecological and socioeconomic effects of biofuel and energy policy recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 41-52.
    9. Marina Corral Bobadilla & Rubén Lostado Lorza & Rubén Escribano García & Fátima Somovilla Gómez & Eliseo P. Vergara González, 2017. "An Improvement in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Jeeban Poudel & Sujeeta Karki & Nawaraj Sanjel & Malesh Shah & Sea Cheon Oh, 2017. "Comparison of Biodiesel Obtained from Virgin Cooking Oil and Waste Cooking Oil Using Supercritical and Catalytic Transesterification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-14, April.
    11. Md Mofijur Rahman & Mohammad Rasul & Nur Md Sayeed Hassan, 2017. "Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir, 2016. "Influence of blending ratio on the physicochemical properties of safflower oil methyl ester-safflower oil, safflower oil methyl ester-diesel and safflower oil-diesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 233-247.
    13. Abdulkhani, Ali & Alizadeh, Peyman & Hedjazi, Sahab & Hamzeh, Yahya, 2017. "Potential of Soya as a raw material for a whole crop biorefinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1269-1280.
    14. Laureano Costarrosa & David Eduardo Leiva-Candia & Antonio José Cubero-Atienza & Juan José Ruiz & M. Pilar Dorado, 2018. "Optimization of the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Using Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-9, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Youssef Kassem & Hüseyin Çamur & Ebaa Alassi, 2020. "Biodiesel Production from Four Residential Waste Frying Oils: Proposing Blends for Improving the Physicochemical Properties of Methyl Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    2. José María Encinar & Sergio Nogales & Juan Félix González, 2020. "The effect of BHA on oxidative stability of biodiesel from different sources," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(6), pages 1193-1201, December.
    3. Jemima Romola, C.V. & Meganaharshini, M. & Rigby, S.P. & Ganesh Moorthy, I. & Shyam Kumar, R. & Karthikumar, Sankar, 2021. "A comprehensive review of the selection of natural and synthetic antioxidants to enhance the oxidative stability of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    4. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Agustina Guiberteau Cabanillas & Juan Pedro Moro & José María Encinar Martín, 2023. "Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-15, May.
    5. Javier Sáez-Bastante & Miguel Carmona-Cabello & Elena Villarreal-Ornelas & Ricardo Trejo-Calzada & Sara Pinzi & M. Pilar Dorado, 2023. "Feasibility of the Production of Argemone pleiacantha Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel for Temperate and Tropical Marginal Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Nuria Sánchez & José María Encinar, 2020. "Valorization of Cynara Cardunculus L. Oil as the Basis of a Biorefinery for Biodiesel and Biolubricant Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Sáez-Bastante, J. & Carmona-Cabello, M. & Pinzi, S. & Dorado, M.P., 2020. "Recycling of kebab restoration grease for bioenergy production through acoustic cavitation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1147-1155.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jemima Romola, C.V. & Meganaharshini, M. & Rigby, S.P. & Ganesh Moorthy, I. & Shyam Kumar, R. & Karthikumar, Sankar, 2021. "A comprehensive review of the selection of natural and synthetic antioxidants to enhance the oxidative stability of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. José María Encinar & Sergio Nogales & Juan Félix González, 2020. "The effect of BHA on oxidative stability of biodiesel from different sources," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(6), pages 1193-1201, December.
    3. Mahmudul, H.M. & Hagos, F.Y. & Mamat, R. & Adam, A. Abdul & Ishak, W.F.W. & Alenezi, R., 2017. "Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 497-509.
    4. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Nuria Sánchez & José María Encinar, 2020. "Valorization of Cynara Cardunculus L. Oil as the Basis of a Biorefinery for Biodiesel and Biolubricant Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Fernandes, David M. & Squissato, André L. & Lima, Alexandre F. & Richter, Eduardo M. & Munoz, Rodrigo A.A., 2019. "Corrosive character of Moringa oleifera Lam biodiesel exposed to carbon steel under simulated storage conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1263-1271.
    6. Javier Sáez-Bastante & Miguel Carmona-Cabello & Elena Villarreal-Ornelas & Ricardo Trejo-Calzada & Sara Pinzi & M. Pilar Dorado, 2023. "Feasibility of the Production of Argemone pleiacantha Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel for Temperate and Tropical Marginal Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Puricelli, S. & Cardellini, G. & Casadei, S. & Faedo, D. & van den Oever, A.E.M. & Grosso, M., 2021. "A review on biofuels for light-duty vehicles in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    8. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Cesur, Cüneyt & Aslan, Volkan & Yilbasi, Zeki, 2020. "The production of biodiesel from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil as a potential feedstock and its usage in compression ignition engine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    9. Andrius Tamošiūnas & Dovilė Gimžauskaitė & Mindaugas Aikas & Rolandas Uscila & Marius Praspaliauskas & Justas Eimontas, 2019. "Gasification of Waste Cooking Oil to Syngas by Thermal Arc Plasma," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-13, July.
    10. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Arslan, Mevlüt, 2018. "A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1332-1351.
    11. Johanna Choumert & Pascale Combes Motel & Charlain Guegang Djimeli, 2017. "The biofuel-development nexus: A meta-analysis," CERDI Working papers halshs-01512678, HAL.
    12. Bahadi, Murad & Salimon, Jumat & Derawi, Darfizzi, 2021. "Synthesis of di-trimethylolpropane tetraester-based biolubricant from Elaeis guineensis kernel oil via homogeneous acid-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 981-993.
    13. Manolis, E.N. & Zagas, T.D. & Karetsos, G.K. & Poravou, C.A., 2019. "Ecological restrictions in forest biomass extraction for a sustainable renewable energy production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 290-297.
    14. Jume, Binta Hadi & Gabris, Mohammad Ali & Rashidi Nodeh, Hamid & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Cho, Jinwoo, 2020. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a novel heterogeneous catalyst based on graphene oxide doped metal oxide nanoparticles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2182-2189.
    15. Choumert Nkolo, Johanna & Combes Motel, Pascale & Guegang Djimeli, Charlain, 2018. "Income-generating Effects of Biofuel Policies: A Meta-analysis of the CGE Literature," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 230-242.
    16. Fábio Antônio do Nascimento Setúbal & Sérgio de Souza Custódio Filho & Newton Sure Soeiro & Alexandre Luiz Amarante Mesquita & Marcus Vinicius Alves Nunes, 2022. "Force Identification from Vibration Data by Response Surface and Random Forest Regression Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    17. M. N. Uddin & Kuaanan Techato & Juntakan Taweekun & Md Mofijur Rahman & M. G. Rasul & T. M. I. Mahlia & S. M. Ashrafur, 2018. "An Overview of Recent Developments in Biomass Pyrolysis Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    18. Paparao, Jami & Soundarya, N. & Murugan, S., 2023. "Advancing green technology: Experimental study on low heat rejection engine utilizing bio-based antioxidant-doped biodiesel-diesel blends and oxy-hydrogen gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    19. Long, Xianling & Ji, Xi, 2019. "Economic Growth Quality, Environmental Sustainability, and Social Welfare in China - Provincial Assessment Based on Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 157-176.
    20. Karishma, Shaik Mullan & Rajak, Upendra & Naik, B. Kiran & Dasore, Abhishek & Konijeti, Ramakrishna, 2022. "Performance and emission characteristics assessment of compression ignition engine fuelled with the blends of novel antioxidant catechol-daok biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:10:p:1940-:d:232900. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.