IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i6p1500-d151429.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Optimization Strategies for Eco-Friendly Cellular Base Stations

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed H. Alsharif

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea)

  • Jeong Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea)

  • Jin Hong Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea)

Abstract

This study focuses on the economic and environmental impacts of the deployment of cellular base stations (BSs) in remote/rural areas of South Korea. The optimal system, energy production, and operational costs of various renewable energy systems (RESs), such as solar power systems and hybrid solar power/wind power systems, in supplying third-generation cellular BSs with their required energy are discussed in this paper. To highlight the economic feasibility of the proposed RESs, a comparison between their economic feasibilities is presented. In addition, a comparison between the economic feasibilities of the proposed RESs and the classic energy solution of using a diesel generator (DG) is provided. Results show that the total operating expenses that can be saved can reach up to 56.13% if DG is replaced with the hybrid solar power/wind power system. Moreover, the operating expense savings are increased to 56.99% when a stand-alone solar power system is used. These results can be considered a valuable reference for mobile operators to show that shifting toward renewable energy technology is an attractive option.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2018. "Energy Optimization Strategies for Eco-Friendly Cellular Base Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:6:p:1500-:d:151429
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/6/1500/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/6/1500/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Asma Mohamad Aris & Bahman Shabani, 2015. "Sustainable Power Supply Solutions for Off-Grid Base Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-38, September.
    2. Kusakana, Kanzumba & Vermaak, Herman Jacobus, 2013. "Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base stations in developing countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 419-425.
    3. Sindhu, Sonal & Nehra, Vijay & Luthra, Sunil, 2017. "Solar energy deployment for sustainable future of India: Hybrid SWOC-AHP analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1138-1151.
    4. Borhanazad, H. & Mekhilef, S. & Saidur, R. & Boroumandjazi, G., 2013. "Potential application of renewable energy for rural electrification in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 210-219.
    5. Ahmed, Ahmed Shata, 2010. "Wind energy as a potential generation source at Ras Benas, Egypt," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(8), pages 2167-2173, October.
    6. Asif, M. & Muneer, T., 2007. "Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(7), pages 1388-1413, September.
    7. Mohammed H. Alsharif, 2017. "A Solar Energy Solution for Sustainable Third Generation Mobile Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Seoin Baek & Heetae Kim & Hyun Joon Chang, 2015. "Optimal Hybrid Renewable Power System for an Emerging Island of South Korea: The Case of Yeongjong Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Nematollahi, Omid & Kim, Kyung Chun, 2017. "A feasibility study of solar energy in South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 566-579.
    10. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2017. "Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-27, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Weinand, Jann Michael & Scheller, Fabian & McKenna, Russell, 2020. "Reviewing energy system modelling of decentralized energy autonomy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    2. Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Md. Sanwar Hossain & B. M. Ruhul Amin & G. M. Shafiullah & Ferdous Sohel, 2022. "Renewable Energy-Based Energy-Efficient Off-Grid Base Stations for Heterogeneous Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-33, December.
    3. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Abu Jahid & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Mohammed H. Alsharif & Md. Fayzur Rahman, 2020. "Multi-Objective Optimum Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Sustainable Energy Supply to a Green Cellular Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-35, April.
    4. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Abdullah G. Alharbi & Md Shafiullah & Md. Rabiul Islam & Afef Fekih, 2022. "Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar PV/BG-Powered Heterogeneous Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-29, February.
    5. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Abdullah G. Alharbi & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Md. Rabiul Islam, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of the Hybrid Solar PV/H/Fuel Cell Based Supply Scheme for Green Mobile Communication," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-29, November.
    6. Md. Sanwar Hossain & Khondoker Ziaul Islam & Abu Jahid & Khondokar Mizanur Rahman & Sarwar Ahmed & Mohammed H. Alsharif, 2020. "Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-33, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2018. "Opportunities and Challenges of Solar and Wind Energy in South Korea: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Sajid Ali & Choon-Man Jang, 2020. "Optimum Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Sustainable Energy Supply to a Remote Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Mahshid Javidsharifi & Hamoun Pourroshanfekr & Tamas Kerekes & Dezso Sera & Sergiu Spataru & Josep M. Guerrero, 2021. "Optimum Sizing of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems for Powering Green Base Stations in Cellular Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim, 2016. "Optimal Solar Power System for Remote Telecommunication Base Stations: A Case Study Based on the Characteristics of South Korea’s Solar Radiation Exposure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Siow Chun Lim & Tong Jia Meng & Chinnasamy Palanichamy & Gan Tian Eng, 2019. "Feasibility Study of Wind Energy Harvesting at TELCO Tower in Malaysia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(6), pages 277-282.
    6. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim & Jin Hong Kim, 2017. "Green and Sustainable Cellular Base Stations: An Overview and Future Research Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-27, April.
    7. Mohammed H. Alsharif & Jeong Kim, 2016. "Hybrid Off-Grid SPV/WTG Power System for Remote Cellular Base Stations Towards Green and Sustainable Cellular Networks in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-23, December.
    8. Banjo A. Aderemi & S. P. Daniel Chowdhury & Thomas O. Olwal & Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz, 2018. "Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage Power System for a Mobile Cellular Base Station in Soshanguve, South Africa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-26, June.
    9. Mohammed W. Baidas & Mastoura F. Almusailem & Rashad M. Kamel & Sultan Sh. Alanzi, 2022. "Renewable-Energy-Powered Cellular Base-Stations in Kuwait’s Rural Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-29, March.
    10. Seoin Baek & Heetae Kim & Hyun Joon Chang, 2016. "Optimal Hybrid Renewable Airport Power System: Empirical Study on Incheon International Airport, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-13, June.
    11. Mohammed H. Alsharif, 2017. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Stand-Alone Power System Based on Solar Power/Batteries for Global System for Mobile Communications Base Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
    12. Heetae Kim & Jinwoo Bae & Seoin Baek & Donggyun Nam & Hyunsung Cho & Hyun Joon Chang, 2017. "Comparative Analysis between the Government Micro-Grid Plan and Computer Simulation Results Based on Real Data: The Practical Case for a South Korean Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, January.
    13. Heetae Kim & Seoin Baek & Kyu Ha Choi & Dojin Kim & Seongmin Lee & Dahill Kim & Hyun Joon Chang, 2016. "Comparative Analysis of On- and Off-Grid Electrification: The Case of Two South Korean Islands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, April.
    14. Mohammed H. Alsharif, 2017. "A Solar Energy Solution for Sustainable Third Generation Mobile Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Mohammed W. Baidas & Rola W. Hasaneya & Rashad M. Kamel & Sultan Sh. Alanzi, 2021. "Solar-Powered Cellular Base Stations in Kuwait: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-26, November.
    16. Cordiner, S. & Mulone, V. & Giordani, A. & Savino, M. & Tomarchio, G. & Malkow, T. & Tsotridis, G. & Pilenga, A. & Karlsen, M.L. & Jensen, J., 2017. "Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis from on field demonstration tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 508-518.
    17. Md Mijanur Rahman & Mohammad Shakeri & Sieh Kiong Tiong & Fatema Khatun & Nowshad Amin & Jagadeesh Pasupuleti & Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, 2021. "Prospective Methodologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Energy Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-28, February.
    18. Irwanto, M. & Gomesh, N. & Mamat, M.R. & Yusoff, Y.M., 2014. "Assessment of wind power generation potential in Perlis, Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 296-308.
    19. Seung Hyun Jeon & Joohyung Lee & Hong-Shik Park, 2018. "A Stackelberg Game Approach for Energy Outage-Aware Power Distribution of an Off-Grid Base Station over Multiple Retailers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-13, March.
    20. BumChoong Kim & Juhan Kim & Jinsoo Kim, 2019. "Evaluation Model for Investment in Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:6:p:1500-:d:151429. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.