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Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis from on field demonstration tests

Author

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  • Cordiner, S.
  • Mulone, V.
  • Giordani, A.
  • Savino, M.
  • Tomarchio, G.
  • Malkow, T.
  • Tsotridis, G.
  • Pilenga, A.
  • Karlsen, M.L.
  • Jensen, J.

Abstract

The results of a wide demonstration test of Off-Grid Radio Base Stations powered with fuel cells and locally available renewable energy sources are presented. The experimental activity has been conducted as part of the FCPoweredRBS project to assess and verify the potential of hydrogen and fuel cells as power and energy sources for the telecom market. For this application, Fuel Cells have been integrated as a programmable power generator with a photovoltaic system and an energy storage system. Both electrochemical batteries and hydrogen produced locally with an electrolyzer have been tested as energy storage solutions. Data collected for a full year have been used to assess the potential of the systems proposed in comparison with diesel generators which are the standard solution for such applications. Results show that the hybrid renewable energy solution may be competitive in terms of energy efficiency and minimum consumption of fossil fuel consumption. Proper sizing and control strategy optimization are key aspects to this aim. Despite the use of FC technology and the integration of many different components, field tests have shown an acceptable level of stability and reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Cordiner, S. & Mulone, V. & Giordani, A. & Savino, M. & Tomarchio, G. & Malkow, T. & Tsotridis, G. & Pilenga, A. & Karlsen, M.L. & Jensen, J., 2017. "Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis from on field demonstration tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 508-518.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:508-518
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.162
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    2. Ahmad, Jameel & Imran, Muhammad & Khalid, Abdullah & Iqbal, Waseem & Ashraf, Syed Rehan & Adnan, Muhammad & Ali, Syed Farooq & Khokhar, Khawar Siddique, 2018. "Techno economic analysis of a wind-photovoltaic-biomass hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification: A case study of Kallar Kahar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 208-234.
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    4. Maestre, V.M. & Ortiz, A. & Ortiz, I., 2021. "Challenges and prospects of renewable hydrogen-based strategies for full decarbonization of stationary power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    5. Song, Chunhe & Jing, Wei & Zeng, Peng & Yu, Haibin & Rosenberg, Catherine, 2018. "Energy consumption analysis of residential swimming pools for peak load shaving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 176-191.
    6. Bartolucci, Lorenzo & Cordiner, Stefano & Mulone, Vincenzo & Pasquale, Stefano, 2019. "Fuel cell based hybrid renewable energy systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis and system optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Sheraz Syed & Asad Arfeen & Riaz Uddin & Umaima Haider, 2021. "An Analysis of Renewable Energy Usage by Mobile Data Network Operators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    8. Chukwuma Ogbonnaya & Chamil Abeykoon & Adel Nasser & Ali Turan & Cyril Sunday Ume, 2021. "Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-33, October.
    9. Song, Ke & Fan, Zhixin & Hu, Xiao & Ding, Yuhang & Li, Haiyang & Xu, Hongjie & Zhang, Tong, 2021. "Effect of adding vortex promoter on the performance improvement of active air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    10. Ma, Shuai & Lin, Meng & Lin, Tzu-En & Lan, Tian & Liao, Xun & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan & Yang, Yongping & Dong, Changqing & Wang, Ligang, 2021. "Fuel cell-battery hybrid systems for mobility and off-grid applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    11. Tanzim Meraj, Sheikh & Zaihar Yahaya, Nor & Hasan, Kamrul & Hossain Lipu, M.S. & Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram & Hussain, Aini & Hannan, M.A. & Muttaqi, Kashem M., 2022. "A filter less improved control scheme for active/reactive energy management in fuel cell integrated grid system with harmonic reduction ability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    12. Lee, Sanghun & Kim, Taehong & Han, Gwangwoo & Kang, Sungmin & Yoo, Young-Sung & Jeon, Sang-Yun & Bae, Joongmyeon, 2021. "Comparative energetic studies on liquid organic hydrogen carrier: A net energy analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    13. Codignole Luz, Fàbio & Cordiner, Stefano & Manni, Alessandro & Mulone, Vincenzo & Rocco, Vittorio, 2018. "Biomass fast pyrolysis in a shaftless screw reactor: A 1-D numerical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 792-805.
    14. Bartolucci, Lorenzo & Cordiner, Stefano & Mulone, Vincenzo & Santarelli, Marina, 2019. "Hybrid renewable energy systems: Influence of short term forecasting on model predictive control performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 997-1004.

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