IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i3p520-d133939.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaorui Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Zhongyang Luo

    (State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Chunjiang Yu

    (State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Bitao Jin

    (State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

  • Hanchao Tu

    (State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

Abstract

Rice straw, which is a typical agricultural residue in China, was pyrolyzed in a horizontal tube reactor connected with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C to research the release mechanism of fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O precursors. The concentrations of gaseous nitrogen components were monitored online. NH 3 , HCN, HNCO, as well as NO were identified components. A high dependency between the gaseous products and temperature was found. NH 3 and HNCO preferred to be formed at lower temperatures and HCN tended to form at higher temperatures. It is worth noting that NO was also an important product. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to analyze the nitrogen species in rice straw. The result showed that amino-N (N-A) was the main form of nitrogen which accounted for 88.85%. Pyrrolic-N (N-5) was also identified and occupied the rest. Then nitrogen modeling compounds, glycine and pyrrole, were appropriately selected based on the results of XPS to well understand the nitrogen release mechanism during pyrolysis of rice straw. The formation routes of all the nitrogen gaseous components were confirmed. NH 3 , HNCO and NO were originated from the decomposition of amino-N. While both amino-N and pyrrolic-N produced HCN. NO was not detected during the pyrolysis of pyrrole and a little NO was found during the pyrolysis of glycine. Hence, it can be deduced that the large amount of NO formed during the pyrolysis of rice straw was due to the direct oxidization reaction of –NH and –OH, the latter is abundant in the raw material. In order to provide evidence for this deduction, cellulose was added to increase the amount of –OH and co-pyrolysis of cellulose and glycine was conducted. The effect of –OH on the formation of NO was confirmed. Then, the release mechanism of fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O precursors during rice straw pyrolysis was concluded based on the experimental results.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaorui Liu & Zhongyang Luo & Chunjiang Yu & Bitao Jin & Hanchao Tu, 2018. "Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:520-:d:133939
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/3/520/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/3/520/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ehsan Houshfar & Terese Løvås & Øyvind Skreiberg, 2012. "Experimental Investigation on NO x Reduction by Primary Measures in Biomass Combustion: Straw, Peat, Sewage Sludge, Forest Residues and Wood Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Pan Gao & Lu Xue & Qiang Lu & Changqing Dong, 2015. "Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on N-Containing Species Release during Rice Straw Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Ren, Qiangqiang & Zhao, Changsui, 2013. "NOx and N2O precursors (NH3 and HCN) from biomass pyrolysis: interaction between amino acid and mineral matter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 170-174.
    4. Xing Yang & Hailong Wang & Peter James Strong & Song Xu & Shujuan Liu & Kouping Lu & Kuichuan Sheng & Jia Guo & Lei Che & Lizhi He & Yong Sik Ok & Guodong Yuan & Ying Shen & Xin Chen, 2017. "Thermal Properties of Biochars Derived from Waste Biomass Generated by Agricultural and Forestry Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Imen Ghouma & Mejdi Jeguirim & Uta Sager & Lionel Limousy & Simona Bennici & Eckhard Däuber & Christof Asbach & Roman Ligotski & Frank Schmidt & Abdelmottaleb Ouederni, 2017. "The Potential of Activated Carbon Made of Agro-Industrial Residues in NO x Immissions Abatement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, September.
    6. Ren, Qiangqiang & Zhao, Changsui, 2015. "Evolution of fuel-N in gas phase during biomass pyrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 408-418.
    7. Hongfang Chen & Yin Wang & Guangwen Xu & Kunio Yoshikawa, 2012. "Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-21, December.
    8. Valentín Molina-Moreno & Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz & Jorge Sánchez-Molina, 2016. "Pellet as a Technological Nutrient within the Circular Economy Model: Comparative Analysis of Combustion Efficiency and CO and NO x Emissions for Pellets from Olive and Almond Trees," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mejdi Jeguirim & Lionel Limousy, 2019. "Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications II," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-6, January.
    2. Deliang Xu & Liu Yang & Ming Zhao & Yu Song & Karnowo & Hong Zhang & Xun Hu & Hongqi Sun & Shu Zhang, 2020. "N Evolution and Physiochemical Structure Changes in Chars during Co-Pyrolysis: Effects of Abundance of Glucose in Fiberboard," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-13, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jianqiang Zhou & Pan Gao & Changqing Dong & Yongping Yang, 2018. "Effect of Temperature and Mineral Matter on the Formation of NOx Precursors during Fast Pyrolysis of 2,5-Diketopiperazine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Huan Li & Huawei Mou & Nan Zhao & Yaohong Yu & Quan Hong & Mperejekumana Philbert & Yuguang Zhou & Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji & Renjie Dong, 2021. "Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Ozgen, S. & Cernuschi, S. & Caserini, S., 2021. "An overview of nitrogen oxides emissions from biomass combustion for domestic heat production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    4. Mejdi Jeguirim & Lionel Limousy, 2017. "Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Zhan, Hao & Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Song, Yanpei & Yin, Xiuli & Wu, Chuangzhi, 2018. "Insights into the evolution of fuel-N to NOx precursors during pyrolysis of N-rich nonlignocellulosic biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 20-33.
    6. Lebendig, Florian & Schmid, Daniel & Karlström, Oskar & Yrjas, Patrik & Müller, Michael, 2024. "Influence of pre-treatment of straw biomass and additives on the release of nitrogen species during combustion and gasification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    7. Khushbu Kumari & Raushan Kumar & Nirmali Bordoloi & Tatiana Minkina & Chetan Keswani & Kuldeep Bauddh, 2023. "Unravelling the Recent Developments in the Production Technology and Efficient Applications of Biochar for Agro-Ecosystems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-26, February.
    8. Piotr Wojewódzki & Joanna Lemanowicz & Bozena Debska & Samir A. Haddad & Erika Tobiasova, 2022. "The Application of Biochar from Waste Biomass to Improve Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity and Increase Carbon Sequestration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    9. Daniele Basso & Elsa Weiss-Hortala & Francesco Patuzzi & Marco Baratieri & Luca Fiori, 2018. "In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, May.
    10. Guo, Shuai & Liu, Tiecheng & Hui, Jicheng & Che, Deyong & Li, Xingcan & Sun, Baizhong & Li, Shaohua, 2019. "Effects of calcium oxide on nitrogen oxide precursor formation during sludge protein pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    11. Nunzio Cardullo & Melania Leanza & Vera Muccilli & Corrado Tringali, 2021. "Valorization of Agri-Food Waste from Pistachio Hard Shells: Extraction of Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidants," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    12. Ozdemir, Saim & Şimşek, Aslı & Ozdemir, Serkan & Dede, Cemile, 2022. "Investigation of poultry slaughterhouse waste stream to produce bio-fuel for internal utilization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 274-282.
    13. Mónica Duque-Acevedo & Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña & Natalia Yakovleva & Francisco Camacho-Ferre, 2020. "Analysis of the Circular Economic Production Models and Their Approach in Agriculture and Agricultural Waste Biomass Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-32, December.
    14. Luigi F. Polonini & Domenico Petrocelli & Simone P. Parmigiani & Adriano M. Lezzi, 2019. "Influence on CO and PM Emissions of an Innovative Burner Pot for Pellet Stoves: An Experimental Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, February.
    15. Andrzej Greinert & Maria Mrówczyńska & Radosław Grech & Wojciech Szefner, 2020. "The Use of Plant Biomass Pellets for Energy Production by Combustion in Dedicated Furnaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    16. Huang, Dexin & Song, Gongxiang & Li, Ruochen & Han, Hengda & He, Limo & Jiang, Long & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Song & Xiang, Jun, 2023. "Evolution mechanisms of bio-oil from conventional and nitrogen-rich biomass during photo-thermal pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    17. Wenyao Jin & Xiaochen Xu & Fenglin Yang, 2018. "Application of Rumen Microorganisms for Enhancing Biogas Production of Corn Straw and Livestock Manure in a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Digestion System: Performance and Microbial Community Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    18. Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis & Kantarelis, Efthymios & Yang, Weihong, 2017. "Experimental investigation of the influence of reaction atmosphere on the pyrolysis of printed circuit boards," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1065-1073.
    19. Wen-Hsien Tsai & Shi-Yin Jhong, 2018. "Carbon Emissions Cost Analysis with Activity-Based Costing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-26, August.
    20. Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Liu, Jianguo & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Chenguang & Zhan, Hao & Ma, Longlong, 2022. "A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:520-:d:133939. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.