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The Design of High Efficiency Crossflow Hydro Turbines: A Review and Extension

Author

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  • Ram Adhikari

    (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • David Wood

    (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Efficiency is a critical consideration in the design of hydro turbines. The crossflow turbine is the cheapest and easiest hydro turbine to manufacture and so is commonly used in remote power systems for developing countries. A longstanding problem for practical crossflow turbines is their lower maximum efficiency compared to their more advanced counterparts, such as Pelton and Francis turbines. This paper reviews the experimental and computational studies relevant to the design of high efficiency crossflow turbines. We concentrate on the studies that have contributed to designs with efficiencies in the range of 88–90%. Many recent studies have been conducted on turbines of low maximum efficiency, which we believe is due to misunderstanding of design principles for achieving high efficiencies. We synthesize the key results of experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies to highlight the key fundamental design principles for achieving efficiencies of about 90%, as well as future research and development areas to further improve the maximum efficiency. The main finding of this review is that the total conversion of head into kinetic energy in the nozzle and the matching of nozzle and runner designs are the two main design requirements for the design of high efficiency turbines.

Suggested Citation

  • Ram Adhikari & David Wood, 2018. "The Design of High Efficiency Crossflow Hydro Turbines: A Review and Extension," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:267-:d:128302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vincenzo Sammartano & Costanza Aricò & Armando Carravetta & Oreste Fecarotta & Tullio Tucciarelli, 2013. "Banki-Michell Optimal Design by Computational Fluid Dynamics Testing and Hydrodynamic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-24, April.
    2. Ram Chandra Adhikari & Jerson Vaz & David Wood, 2016. "Cavitation Inception in Crossflow Hydro Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Paish, Oliver, 2002. "Small hydro power: technology and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 537-556, December.
    4. Acharya, Nirmal & Kim, Chang-Gu & Thapa, Bhola & Lee, Young-Ho, 2015. "Numerical analysis and performance enhancement of a cross-flow hydro turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 819-826.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Tomczyk & Krzysztof Mastalerek & Mirosław Wiatkowski & Alban Kuriqi & Jakub Jurasz, 2023. "Assessment of a Francis Micro Hydro Turbine Performance Installed in a Wastewater Treatment Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Ram Adhikari & David Wood, 2018. "Computational Analysis of a Double-Nozzle Crossflow Hydroturbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Priyanka Majumder & Mrinmoy Majumder & Apu Kumar Saha & Soumitra Nath, 2020. "Selection of features for analysis of reliability of performance in hydropower plants: a multi-criteria decision making approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 3239-3265, April.
    4. Elgammi, Moutaz & Hamad, Abduljawad Ashour, 2022. "A feasibility study of operating a low static pressure head micro pelton turbine based on water hammer phenomenon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1-16.
    5. Piyawat Sritram & Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn, 2021. "The Efficiency Comparison of Hydro Turbines for Micro Power Plant from Free Vortex," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-13, November.
    6. Weerakoon, A.H. Samitha & Kim, Byung-Ha & Cho, Young-Jin & Prasad, Deepak Divashkar & Ahmed, M. Rafiuddin & Lee, Young-Ho, 2021. "Design optimization of a novel vertical augmentation channel housing a cross-flow turbine and performance evaluation as a wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1300-1314.
    7. A. H. Samitha Weerakoon & Young-Ho Lee & Mohsen Assadi, 2023. "Wave Energy Convertor for Bilateral Offshore Wave Flows: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-40, April.
    8. Nishi, Yasuyuki & Itoh, Natsumi & Fukutomi, Junichiro, 2022. "Performance and radial thrust of single-blade reverse running pump turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 499-513.
    9. Mehr, Goodarz & Durali, Mohammad & Khakrand, Mohammad Hadi & Hoghooghi, Hadi, 2021. "A novel design and performance optimization methodology for hydraulic Cross-Flow turbines using successive numerical simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1402-1421.

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