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Golden ratio in upper blade design for pico-scale crossflow turbines for off-grid energy solutions

Author

Listed:
  • Adanta, Dendy
  • Sari, Dewi Puspita
  • Syofii, Imam
  • Arifin, Amir
  • Ramadhania, Putri
  • Marwani,
  • Fudholi, Ahmad
  • Mohd-Zawawi, Fazila

Abstract

Pico-scale crossflow turbines (CFT) are promising for remote village electrification. Recent studies show that center-convex blades outperform convex leading edges in operational range, while convex blades offer slightly higher efficiency. This study investigates the golden ratio as a guide for the upper blade CFT design with a configuration center-convex to enhance its performance. The upper blade CFT configurations were evaluated based on different blade depth-thickness ratios using a computational method and verified using analytical and previous data. The blade depth-to-thickness ratio of 0.5 achieved an efficiency of 81.8 % at a specific speed of 4.43 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5358, outperforming other configurations and previous studies. The CFT upper blade geometry affects the flow dynamics, lift force, and overall performance and operating range. The empirical law can predict the hydraulic behaviour of discharge CFT in this case, which depends on water head, upper configuration, and runner rotation, as demonstrated by the multivariate regression.

Suggested Citation

  • Adanta, Dendy & Sari, Dewi Puspita & Syofii, Imam & Arifin, Amir & Ramadhania, Putri & Marwani, & Fudholi, Ahmad & Mohd-Zawawi, Fazila, 2026. "Golden ratio in upper blade design for pico-scale crossflow turbines for off-grid energy solutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:259:y:2026:i:c:s0960148125026825
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125018
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