IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i11p3106-d181912.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Stavros Lazarou

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

  • Vasiliki Vita

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

  • Lambros Ekonomou

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

This paper reviews protection schemes for meshed distribution networks. It gives emphasis to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, their charging patterns, and to the increasing value of distributed generators, especially from renewables. It includes a preliminary analysis on system planning with electric vehicles that is studied probabilistically and a more detailed analysis of the expected changes introduced by these new loads. Finally, a real time hardware-in-the-loop review analysis for protection systems and the open source networks available for protection studies from several sources are also provided. This work could be useful as a collective review of the recent bibliography on protection for meshed networks, giving emphasis to electric vehicles and their real time simulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Stavros Lazarou & Vasiliki Vita & Lambros Ekonomou, 2018. "Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:3106-:d:181912
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/3106/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/3106/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Palizban, Omid & Kauhaniemi, Kimmo & Guerrero, Josep M., 2014. "Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 440-451.
    2. Singh, Bindeshwar & Sharma, Janmejay, 2017. "A review on distributed generation planning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 529-544.
    3. Marmidis, Grigorios & Lazarou, Stavros & Pyrgioti, Eleftheria, 2008. "Optimal placement of wind turbines in a wind park using Monte Carlo simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1455-1460.
    4. Vasiliki Vita, 2017. "Development of a Decision-Making Algorithm for the Optimum Size and Placement of Distributed Generation Units in Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Maen Z. Kreishan & George P. Fotis & Vasiliki Vita & Lambros Ekonomou, 2016. "Distributed Generation Islanding Effect on Distribution Networks and End User Loads Using the Load Sharing Islanding Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-24, November.
    6. Sedghi, Mahdi & Ahmadian, Ali & Aliakbar-Golkar, Masoud, 2016. "Assessment of optimization algorithms capability in distribution network planning: Review, comparison and modification techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 415-434.
    7. Jordehi, A. Rezaee, 2015. "Optimisation of electric distribution systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1088-1100.
    8. Matthias Stifter & Jose Cordova & Jawad Kazmi & Reza Arghandeh, 2018. "Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Distribution Synchrophasor Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Ehsan, Ali & Yang, Qiang, 2018. "Optimal integration and planning of renewable distributed generation in the power distribution networks: A review of analytical techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 44-59.
    10. Prusty, B Rajanarayan & Jena, Debashisha, 2017. "A critical review on probabilistic load flow studies in uncertainty constrained power systems with photovoltaic generation and a new approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1286-1302.
    11. Weiller, C. & Neely, A., 2014. "Using electric vehicles for energy services: Industry perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 194-200.
    12. Zubo, Rana.H.A. & Mokryani, Geev & Rajamani, Haile-Selassie & Aghaei, Jamshid & Niknam, Taher & Pillai, Prashant, 2017. "Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1177-1198.
    13. Rahbari, Omid & Vafaeipour, Majid & Omar, Noshin & Rosen, Marc A. & Hegazy, Omar & Timmermans, Jean-Marc & Heibati, Seyedmohammadreza & Bossche, Peter Van Den, 2017. "An optimal versatile control approach for plug-in electric vehicles to integrate renewable energy sources and smart grids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1053-1067.
    14. Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Muhammad Khuram Shahzad & Akif Zia Khan & Dong Ryeol Shin, 2017. "Smart Distribution Networks: A Review of Modern Distribution Concepts from a Planning Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-47, April.
    15. Stavros Lazarou & Vasiliki Vita & Christos Christodoulou & Lambros Ekonomou, 2018. "Calculating Operational Patterns for Electric Vehicle Charging on a Real Distribution Network Based on Renewables’ Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, September.
    16. Knezović, Katarina & Marinelli, Mattia & Zecchino, Antonio & Andersen, Peter Bach & Traeholt, Chresten, 2017. "Supporting involvement of electric vehicles in distribution grids: Lowering the barriers for a proactive integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 458-468.
    17. Brearley, Belwin J. & Prabu, R. Raja, 2017. "A review on issues and approaches for microgrid protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 988-997.
    18. Virgil Dumbrava & Theodor Miclescu & George Cristian Lazaroiu, 2017. "Power Distribution Networks Planning Optimization in Smart Cities," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Athanasia Karakitsiou & Athanasios Migdalas & Stamatina Th. Rassia & Panos M. Pardalos (ed.), City Networks, chapter 0, pages 213-226, Springer.
    19. Anna Rita Di Fazio & Mario Russo & Sara Valeri, 2015. "A New Protection System for Islanding Detection in LV Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Farid, Amro M. & Jiang, Bo & Muzhikyan, Aramazd & Youcef-Toumi, Kamal, 2016. "The need for holistic enterprise control assessment methods for the future electricity grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 669-685.
    21. Wu, Fei & Sioshansi, Ramteen, 2017. "A two-stage stochastic optimization model for scheduling electric vehicle charging loads to relieve distribution-system constraints," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 55-82.
    22. Muruganantham, B. & Gnanadass, R. & Padhy, N.P., 2017. "Challenges with renewable energy sources and storage in practical distribution systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 125-134.
    23. Peng, Chao & Zou, Jianxiao & Lian, Lian, 2017. "Dispatching strategies of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 147-152.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. José M. Maza-Ortega & Juan M. Mauricio & Manuel Barragán-Villarejo & Charis Demoulias & Antonio Gómez-Expósito, 2019. "Ancillary Services in Hybrid AC/DC Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Bowen Zhou & Xiao Yang & Dongsheng Yang & Zhile Yang & Tim Littler & Hua Li, 2019. "Probabilistic Load Flow Algorithm of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generators and Electric Vehicles Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Georgios Fotis & Christos Dikeakos & Elias Zafeiropoulos & Stylianos Pappas & Vasiliki Vita, 2022. "Scalability and Replicability for Smart Grid Innovation Projects and the Improvement of Renewable Energy Sources Exploitation: The FLEXITRANSTORE Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-32, June.
    4. Abdulrahman Almazroui & Salman Mohagheghi, 2022. "Coordinated Control of Electric Vehicles and PV Resources in an Unbalanced Power Distribution System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Arthur K. Barnes & Jose E. Tabarez & Adam Mate & Russell W. Bent, 2021. "Optimization-Based Formulations for Short-Circuit Studies with Inverter-Interfaced Generation in PowerModelsProtection.jl," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-27, April.
    6. Hun-Chul Seo, 2019. "Novel Protection Scheme considering Tie Switch Operation in an Open-Loop Distribution System using Wavelet Transform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stavros Lazarou & Vasiliki Vita & Christos Christodoulou & Lambros Ekonomou, 2018. "Calculating Operational Patterns for Electric Vehicle Charging on a Real Distribution Network Based on Renewables’ Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Papadimitrakis, M. & Giamarelos, N. & Stogiannos, M. & Zois, E.N. & Livanos, N.A.-I. & Alexandridis, A., 2021. "Metaheuristic search in smart grid: A review with emphasis on planning, scheduling and power flow optimization applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    3. Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Abdul Kashif Janjua & Dong Ryeol Shin, 2018. "Enhanced Voltage Stability Assessment Index Based Planning Approach for Mesh Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-36, May.
    4. Rayhane Koubaa & Yeliz Yoldas & Selcuk Goren & Lotfi Krichen & Ahmet Onen, 2021. "Implementation of cost benefit analysis of vehicle to grid coupled real Micro-Grid by considering battery energy wear: Practical study case," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(7), pages 1292-1314, November.
    5. Ehsan, Ali & Yang, Qiang, 2019. "State-of-the-art techniques for modelling of uncertainties in active distribution network planning: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1509-1523.
    6. Kadir Doğanşahin & Bedri Kekezoğlu & Recep Yumurtacı & Ozan Erdinç & João P. S. Catalão, 2018. "Maximum Permissible Integration Capacity of Renewable DG Units Based on System Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Shahid Nawaz Khan & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Abdullah Altamimi & Zafar A. Khan & Mohammed A. Alghassab, 2022. "Smart Distribution Mechanisms—Part I: From the Perspectives of Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-109, December.
    8. José Adriano da Costa & David Alves Castelo Branco & Max Chianca Pimentel Filho & Manoel Firmino de Medeiros Júnior & Neilton Fidelis da Silva, 2019. "Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic Generation in Radial Distribution Systems Using Lagrange Multipliers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, May.
    9. Gianpiero Colangelo & Gianluigi Spirto & Marco Milanese & Arturo de Risi, 2021. "Progresses in Analytical Design of Distribution Grids and Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-43, July.
    10. Mohseni, Soheil & Brent, Alan C. & Kelly, Scott & Browne, Will N., 2022. "Demand response-integrated investment and operational planning of renewable and sustainable energy systems considering forecast uncertainties: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    11. Gonzalez Venegas, Felipe & Petit, Marc & Perez, Yannick, 2021. "Active integration of electric vehicles into distribution grids: Barriers and frameworks for flexibility services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    12. Habib Ur Rehman & Arif Hussain & Waseem Haider & Sayyed Ahmad Ali & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Muhammad Huzaifa, 2023. "Optimal Planning of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind-Based DGs for Achieving Techno-Economic Objectives across Various Load Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-38, March.
    13. Saboori, Hedayat & Hemmati, Reza & Ghiasi, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh & Dehghan, Shahab, 2017. "Energy storage planning in electric power distribution networks – A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1108-1121.
    14. Ehsan, Ali & Yang, Qiang, 2018. "Optimal integration and planning of renewable distributed generation in the power distribution networks: A review of analytical techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 44-59.
    15. Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Usama Ameer Khan & Hafiz Waleed Ahmad & Sajid Ali & Dong Ryeol Shin, 2020. "A Techno-Economic Centric Integrated Decision-Making Planning Approach for Optimal Assets Placement in Meshed Distribution Network Across the Load Growth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-71, March.
    16. Cem Haydaroğlu & Bilal Gümüş, 2022. "Fault Detection in Distribution Network with the Cauchy-M Estimate—RVFLN Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
    17. Mahesh Kumar & Amir Mahmood Soomro & Waqar Uddin & Laveet Kumar, 2022. "Optimal Multi-Objective Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution System: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-48, October.
    18. Mehigan, L. & Deane, J.P. & Gallachóir, B.P.Ó. & Bertsch, V., 2018. "A review of the role of distributed generation (DG) in future electricity systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 822-836.
    19. Gustavo L. Aschidamini & Gederson A. da Cruz & Mariana Resener & Maicon J. S. Ramos & Luís A. Pereira & Bibiana P. Ferraz & Sérgio Haffner & Panos M. Pardalos, 2022. "Expansion Planning of Power Distribution Systems Considering Reliability: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, March.
    20. Hipolito, F. & Vandet, C.A. & Rich, J., 2022. "Charging, steady-state SoC and energy storage distributions for EV fleets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:3106-:d:181912. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.