IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v10y2022i9p229-d916679.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Inter-District Road Infrastructure and Spatial Inequality in Rural Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Ribut Nurul Tri Wahyuni

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
    STIS Polytechnic of Statistics, Jakarta 13330, Indonesia)

  • Mohamad Ikhsan

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Arie Damayanti

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

Abstract

Road quality plays an important role, especially in rural areas where most poor households are situated. This study aims to calculate the Rural Access Index (RAI), an indicator of rural road quality (SDG indicator 9.1.1), at the district level, to evaluate the implementation of the Nawacita programme in Indonesia from 2014–2020. The RAI describes the proportion of rural residents who live within 2 km of an all-season road. This study recommends the utilisation of road network maps, urban–rural boundary maps, three road network condition datasets, and WorldPop data to calculate the RAI. The results show that during this period, the RAI increased and its inequality decreased, specifically in the regions of priority for this programme (Papua and West Papua). The results also capture a strong pattern of regional convergence. To ensure the future success of this implementation, the government can create regulations to designate several road infrastructure projects as a national strategy, as well as increase tax collection and private sector investment as sources of road infrastructure development funding.

Suggested Citation

  • Ribut Nurul Tri Wahyuni & Mohamad Ikhsan & Arie Damayanti & Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik, 2022. "Inter-District Road Infrastructure and Spatial Inequality in Rural Indonesia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:229-:d:916679
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/10/9/229/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/10/9/229/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mikou,Mehdi & Rozenberg,Julie & Koks,Elco Eduard & Fox,Charles James Edward & Peralta Quiros,Tatiana, 2019. "Assessing Rural Accessibility and Rural Roads Investment Needs Using Open Source Data," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8746, The World Bank.
    2. Sam Asher & Paul Novosad, 2020. "Rural Roads and Local Economic Development," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(3), pages 797-823, March.
    3. Iimi,Atsushi & Ahmed,A.K. Farhad & Anderson,Edward Charles & Diehl,Adam Stone & Maiyo,Laban & Peralta Quiros,Tatiana & Rao,Kulwinder Singh, 2016. "New rural access index : main determinants and correlation to poverty," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7876, The World Bank.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Noah Kaiser & Christina K. Barstow, 2022. "Rural Transportation Infrastructure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Impacts, Implications, and Interventions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-48, February.
    2. Chakrabarti, Sandip, 2025. "Rural roads and economic development: Insights from India," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 305-318.
    3. Cucu, Florin, 2025. "Roads, internal migration and the spatial sorting of U.S. high-skill workers," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    4. Abu-Qarn, Aamer & Lichtman-Sadot, Shirlee, 2019. "Connecting Disadvantaged Communities to Work and Higher Education Opportunities: Evidence from Public Transportation Penetration to Arab Towns in Israel," IZA Discussion Papers 12824, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Akpan, Uduak & Morimoto, Risako, 2022. "An application of Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to the prioritization of rural roads to improve rural accessibility in Nigeria," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PB).
    6. Yoshifumi Konishi & Akari Ono, 2024. "Do Winners Win More from Transport Megaprojects? Evidence from the Great Seto Bridge in Japan," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2024-018, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    7. Zhu, Lin & Sheng, Yu & Liao, Hua & Blaschke, Maximilian J., 2025. "Enhancing clean cooking energy transition through living facility improvements: Experience from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    8. Ji, Xiaoqing & Liu, Shuai & Lang, Jingyi, 2022. "Assessing the impact of officials' turnover on urban economic efficiency: From the perspective of political promotion incentive and power rent-seeking incentive," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PB).
    9. Mehic, Adrian, 2024. "Infrastructure Expansion, Tourism, and Electoral Outcomes," Working Paper Series 1490, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    10. Yasuharu Shimamura & Satoshi Shimizutani & Eiji Yamada & Hiroyuki Yamada, 2023. "On the inclusiveness of rural road improvement: Evidence from Morocco," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 1721-1745, August.
    11. Digvijay S. Negi, 2024. "State Mediated Trade, Distortions and Air Pollution," Working Papers 129, Ashoka University, Department of Economics.
    12. Peng, Cong & Wang, Yao & Chen, Wenfan, 2024. "Roads to development? Urbanization without growth in Zambia," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126771, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    13. Virág, Doris & Wiedenhofer, Dominik & Baumgart, André & Matej, Sarah & Krausmann, Fridolin & Min, Jihoon & Rao, Narasimha D. & Haberl, Helmut, 2022. "How much infrastructure is required to support decent mobility for all? An exploratory assessment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    14. Aoyagi, Keitaro & Sawada, Yasuyuki & Shoji, Masahiro, 2022. "Irrigation infrastructure and trust: Evidence from natural and lab-in-the-field experiments in rural communities," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    15. Songsermsawas, Tisorn & Kafle, Kashi & Winters, Paul, 2021. "Decomposing the Impacts of an Agricultural Value Chain Investment by Gender and Ethnicity: The case of Nepal," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315047, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Das, Gouranga G. & Ginting, Edimon & Horridge, Mark & Yamano, Takashi, 2023. "Growth Constraints and Structural Diversification for Kyrgyzstan Economy: Policy Analysis of Key Reforms and its Implications," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1250, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. Silvia Marchesi & Tania Masi, 2019. "Allocation of Implementing Power: Evidence from World Bank Projects," Development Working Papers 447, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
    18. Basistha, Ahana & Dhillon, Amrita & Chaudhuri, Arka Roy, 2024. "Elections and Rural Road Construction: Evidence from India," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 712, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    19. Hua Cheng & Shiqian Huang & Yinhong Yu & Zhiying Zhang & Meifen Jiang, 2023. "The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Plan, University-Industry Collaboration and Achievement Transformation of Universities: Evidence from China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1249-1274, June.
    20. Vanden Eynde, Oliver & Wren-Lewis, Liam, 2021. "Complementarities in Infrastructure: Evidence from Rural India," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2104, CEPREMAP.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:229-:d:916679. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.