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Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products

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  • Leonel J. R. Nunes

    (PROMETHEUS—Unidade de Investigação em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
    GOVCOPP—Unidade de Investigação em Governança, Competitividade e Políticas Públicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    DEGEIT—Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro

    (YGE—Yser Green Energy SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

  • Letícia C. R. Sá

    (YGE—Yser Green Energy SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

  • Hugo F. C. Silva

    (AFS—Advanced Fuel Solutions SA, Área de Acolhimento Empresarial de Úl/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal)

Abstract

Agroforestry waste stores a considerable amount of energy that can be used. Portugal has great potential to produce bioenergy. The waste generated during agricultural production and forestry operation processes can be used for energy generation, and it can be used either in the form in which it is collected, or it can be processed using thermochemical conversion technologies, such as torrefaction. This work aimed to characterize the properties of a set of residues from agroforestry activities, namely rice husk, almond husk, kiwi pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, and pine woodchips. To characterize the different materials, both as-collected and after being subjected to a torrefaction process at 300 °C, thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and the content of volatile substances; elementary analyses were performed to determine the levels of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the high and low heating values were determined. With these assumptions, it was observed that each form of residual biomass had different characteristics, which are important to know when adapting to conversion technology, and they also had different degrees of efficiency, that is, the amount of energy generated and potentially used when analyzing all factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonel J. R. Nunes & Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro & Letícia C. R. Sá & Hugo F. C. Silva, 2020. "Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:23-391:d:411315
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    References listed on IDEAS

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