IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v122y2018icp419-428.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Faizal, Hasan
  • Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri
  • M. Heiree, M. Harif
  • Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad
  • Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin
  • Rahman, Md. Mizanur
  • Latiff, Z.A.

Abstract

Mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell (PKS) are widely used as fuels for boilers at palm oil mills to generate electricity. In the present study, the PKS and mesocarp fibre were densified under a controlled condition in prior to torrefaction process. Then, the briquettes were torrefied with various temperatures of 250–300 °C, residence time of 40 min and nitrogen flow rate of 1 l/min. In general, the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes were successfully produced regardless of torrefaction temperature, whereas the production of torrefied PKS briquettes was only feasible for torrefaction temperature of 250 °C, but the outer surface still remained brittle. The results show that an increase in torrefaction temperature causes a decrease in relaxed density and compressive strength of the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes. In terms of combustion properties, an increase in torrefaction temperature causes an increase in gross calorific value, fixed carbon content and ash content while volatile matter decreases. Besides, energy density of the torrefied mesocarp fibre briquettes does not change significantly with respect to the torrefaction temperature. Finally, the gross calorific value and moisture content were found to fulfill the requirements for commercialization as stated by international standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Faizal, Hasan & Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri & M. Heiree, M. Harif & Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad & Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin & Rahman, Md. Mizanur & Latiff, Z.A., 2018. "Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 419-428.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:419-428
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.118
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148118301289
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.118?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Kuo, Po-Chih, 2011. "Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as torrefaction of some basic constituents in biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 803-811.
    2. Rudolfsson, Magnus & Stelte, Wolfgang & Lestander, Torbjörn A., 2015. "Process optimization of combined biomass torrefaction and pelletization for fuel pellet production – A parametric study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 378-384.
    3. Li, Hui & Liu, Xinhua & Legros, Robert & Bi, Xiaotao T. & Jim Lim, C. & Sokhansanj, Shahab, 2012. "Pelletization of torrefied sawdust and properties of torrefied pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 680-685.
    4. Ghiasi, Bahman & Kumar, Linoj & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Lim, C. Jim & Bi, Xiaotao & Kim, Chang Soo & Sokhansanj, Shahab, 2014. "Densified biocoal from woodchips: Is it better to do torrefaction before or after densification?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 133-142.
    5. Mohammed, M.A.A. & Salmiaton, A. & Wan Azlina, W.A.K.G. & Mohammad Amran, M.S. & Fakhru'l-Razi, A. & Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., 2011. "Hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source of renewable energy in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1258-1270, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Liew, Rock Keey & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Peng, Wanxi & Park, Young-Kwon & Sonne, Christian & Kong, Sieng Huat & Tabatabaei, 2021. "Progress in the torrefaction technology for upgrading oil palm wastes to energy-dense biochar: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Xuyang Cui & Junhong Yang & Xinyu Shi & Wanning Lei & Tao Huang & Chao Bai, 2019. "Experimental Investigation on the Energy Consumption, Physical, and Thermal Properties of a Novel Pellet Fuel Made from Wood Residues with Microalgae as a Binder," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-26, September.
    3. Junga, Robert & Pospolita, Janusz & Niemiec, Patrycja, 2020. "Combustion and grindability characteristics of palm kernel shells torrefied in a pilot-scale installation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1239-1250.
    4. Leonel J. R. Nunes & Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro & Letícia C. R. Sá & Hugo F. C. Silva, 2020. "Waste Recovery through Thermochemical Conversion Technologies: A Case Study with Several Portuguese Agroforestry By-Products," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Leonel J. R. Nunes, 2020. "Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-20, July.
    6. Hasan, Mohd Faizal & Omar, Muhammad Syaraffi & Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan & Muhamad Said, Mohd Farid, 2022. "Torrefaction of fibrous empty fruit bunch under mild pressurization technique," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 349-358.
    7. Tsai, Wen-Tien & Lin, Yu-Quan & Tsai, Chi-Hung & Chung, Mei-Hua & Chu, Ming-Hung & Huang, Hung-Ju & Jao, Ya-Hsuan & Yeh, Showin-Ing, 2020. "Conversion of water caltrop husk into torrefied biomass by torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    8. Sivabalan Kaniapan & Suhaimi Hassan & Hamdan Ya & Kartikeyan Patma Nesan & Mohammad Azeem, 2021. "The Utilisation of Palm Oil and Oil Palm Residues and the Related Challenges as a Sustainable Alternative in Biofuel, Bioenergy, and Transportation Sector: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.
    9. Onsree, Thossaporn & Tippayawong, Nakorn, 2021. "Machine learning application to predict yields of solid products from biomass torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 425-432.
    10. Cheng, Wei & Shao, Jing'ai & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Jiang, Hao & Hu, Junhao & Zhang, Xiong & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2022. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on particulate matter emission from agricultural biomass pellet combustion in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 39-51.
    11. Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri & Abnisa, Faisal & Nasrin, Abu Bakar & Abdul Aziz, Astimar & Loh, Soh Kheang, 2021. "A comprehensive study on torrefaction of empty fruit bunches: Characterization of solid, liquid and gas products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mostafa, Mohamed E. & Hu, Song & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Xun & Elsayed, Saad A. & Xiang, Jun, 2019. "The significance of pelletization operating conditions: An analysis of physical and mechanical characteristics as well as energy consumption of biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 332-348.
    2. Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Liew, Rock Keey & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Peng, Wanxi & Park, Young-Kwon & Sonne, Christian & Kong, Sieng Huat & Tabatabaei, 2021. "Progress in the torrefaction technology for upgrading oil palm wastes to energy-dense biochar: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Rudolfsson, Magnus & Larsson, Sylvia H. & Lestander, Torbjörn A., 2017. "New tool for improved control of sub-process interactions in rotating ring die pelletizing of torrefied biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 835-840.
    4. Batidzirai, B. & Mignot, A.P.R. & Schakel, W.B. & Junginger, H.M. & Faaij, A.P.C., 2013. "Biomass torrefaction technology: Techno-economic status and future prospects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 196-214.
    5. Christoforou, Elias A. & Fokaides, Paris A., 2016. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of olive husk torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 257-266.
    6. Yun, Huimin & Clift, Roland & Bi, Xiaotao, 2020. "Process simulation, techno-economic evaluation and market analysis of supply chains for torrefied wood pellets from British Columbia: Impacts of plant configuration and distance to market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    7. Shui, Tao & Khatri, Vinay & Chae, Michael & Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine & Choi, Phillip & Bressler, David C., 2020. "Development of a torrefied wood pellet binder from the cross-linking between specified risk materials-derived peptides and epoxidized poly (vinyl alcohol)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 71-80.
    8. Riva, Lorenzo & Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed & Skreiberg, Øyvind & Wang, Liang & Bartocci, Pietro & Barbanera, Marco & Bidini, Gianni & Fantozzi, Francesco, 2019. "Analysis of optimal temperature, pressure and binder quantity for the production of biocarbon pellet to be used as a substitute for coke," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    9. Marek Wróbel & Marcin Jewiarz & Krzysztof Mudryk & Adrian Knapczyk, 2020. "Influence of Raw Material Drying Temperature on the Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) Biomass Agglomeration Process—A Preliminary Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Rudolfsson, Magnus & Borén, Eleonora & Pommer, Linda & Nordin, Anders & Lestander, Torbjörn A., 2017. "Combined effects of torrefaction and pelletization parameters on the quality of pellets produced from torrefied biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 414-424.
    11. San Miguel, G. & Sánchez, F. & Pérez, A. & Velasco, L., 2022. "One-step torrefaction and densification of woody and herbaceous biomass feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 825-840.
    12. Muhammet Enes Önür & Kamil Ekinci & Mihriban Civan & Mehmet Emin Bilgili & Sema Yurdakul, 2023. "Quality Properties and Torrefaction Characteristics of Pellets: Rose Oil Distillation Solid Waste and Red Pine Sawdust," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Safa Arous & Ahmed Koubaa & Hassine Bouafif & Besma Bouslimi & Flavia Lega Braghiroli & Chedly Bradai, 2021. "Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Wood Species on the Properties of Biochar Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    14. Zhu, Youjian & Yang, Wei & Fan, Jiyuan & Kan, Tao & Zhang, Wennan & Liu, Heng & Cheng, Wei & Yang, Haiping & Wu, Xuehong & Chen, Hanping, 2018. "Effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose addition on particulate matter emissions during biomass pellet combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 925-934.
    15. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Kuo, Po-Chih & Liu, Shih-Hsien & Wu, Wei, 2014. "Thermal characterization of oil palm fiber and eucalyptus in torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 40-48.
    16. Wang, Zhiwei & Lei, Tingzhou & Chang, Xia & Shi, Xinguang & Xiao, Ju & Li, Zaifeng & He, Xiaofeng & Zhu, Jinling & Yang, Shuhua, 2015. "Optimization of a biomass briquette fuel system based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process: A study using cornstalks in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 523-532.
    17. Zhao, Xiqiang & Zhou, Xing & Wang, Guoxiu & Zhou, Ping & Wang, Wenlong & Song, Zhanlong, 2022. "Evaluating the effect of torrefaction on the pyrolysis of biomass and the biochar catalytic performance on dry reforming of methane," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 313-325.
    18. Sun, Alexander Y., 2020. "Optimal carbon storage reservoir management through deep reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    19. Lu, Ke-Miao & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Ta-Chang, 2013. "Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of raw/torrefied wood and coal blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 57-65.
    20. Chai, Li & Saffron, Christopher M., 2016. "Comparing pelletization and torrefaction depots: Optimization of depot capacity and biomass moisture to determine the minimum production cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 387-395.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:419-428. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.