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Efflux of Soil Nitrous Oxide from Applied Fertilizer Containing Organic Materials in Citrus unshiu Field in Southwestern Japan

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  • Yo Toma

    (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan)

  • Takeshi Higuchi

    (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan)

  • Osamu Nagata

    (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, JAPAN, 1-2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan)

  • Yasuhiko Kato

    (Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering, 1-5-1, Oosaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8604, Japan)

  • Tooru Izumiya

    (Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering, 1-5-1, Oosaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8604, Japan)

  • Shingo Oomori

    (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan)

  • Hideto Ueno

    (Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan)

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from agricultural fields are an important source of the increasing atmospheric N 2 O concentration. We conducted a two-year investigation of soil N 2 O emissions induced by the application of combined organic and synthetic fertilizer (COS) and distilled silage waste (DSW). Three experimental treatments were applied to a Citrus unshiu field in January 2013 in Ehime, Japan: no fertilizer (NF), COS, and DSW. The applied nitrogen (N) from DSW was 192 and 244 kg N ha −1 in the first and second years, respectively, although the N application in COS was 192 kg N ha −1 in both years. The main N forms in COS and DSW were ammonium- and nitrate-N, respectively. Soil N 2 O and carbon dioxide fluxes, soil chemical properties, and mineral N leaching from topsoil were measured. The soil N 2 O flux increased after fertilization in COS and DSW, and a higher N 2 O efflux after supplemental fertilization was induced by warm and wet soil conditions. The emission factor of N 2 O was higher in COS (2.02%) than in DSW (1.18%), while N leaching was higher in DSW than in COS. The organic materials remaining after the application possibly increased the N 2 O emissions in the summer season. Therefore, to mitigate N 2 O emissions in citrus orchards, fertilizer containing organic materials should be applied during a cool and dry season.

Suggested Citation

  • Yo Toma & Takeshi Higuchi & Osamu Nagata & Yasuhiko Kato & Tooru Izumiya & Shingo Oomori & Hideto Ueno, 2017. "Efflux of Soil Nitrous Oxide from Applied Fertilizer Containing Organic Materials in Citrus unshiu Field in Southwestern Japan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:7:y:2017:i:2:p:10-:d:89581
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dave S. Reay & Eric A. Davidson & Keith A. Smith & Pete Smith & Jerry M. Melillo & Frank Dentener & Paul J. Crutzen, 2012. "Global agriculture and nitrous oxide emissions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 2(6), pages 410-416, June.
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    1. Aung Zaw OO & Takeru GONAI & Shigeto SUDO & Khin Thuzar WIN & Akira SHIBATA, 2018. "Surface application of fertilizers and residue biochar on N2O emission from Japanese pear orchard soil," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(12), pages 597-604.
    2. Thongsouk Sompouviset & Yanting Ma & Eakkarin Sukkaew & Zhaoxia Zheng & Ai Zhang & Wei Zheng & Ziyan Li & Bingnian Zhai, 2023. "The Effects of Plastic Mulching Combined with Different Fertilizer Applications on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Intensity, and Apple Yield in Northwestern China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Lian-Jie Wan & Yang Tian & Man He & Yong-Qiang Zheng & Qiang Lyu & Rang-Jin Xie & Yan-Yan Ma & Lie Deng & Shi-Lai Yi, 2021. "Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, November.

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