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Agriculture-Food Supply Chain Management Based on Blockchain and IoT: A Narrative on Enterprise Blockchain Interoperability

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  • Showkat Ahmad Bhat

    (ICE, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan)

  • Nen-Fu Huang

    (Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan)

  • Ishfaq Bashir Sofi

    (Gina Cody School of Computer Science and Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada)

  • Muhammad Sultan

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

Abstract

Modern-day agriculture supply chains have evolved from sovereign and autonomous local stakeholders to a worldwide interconnected system of multiple participants linked by complicated interactions, impacting the production, processing, transportation, and delivery of food to end consumers. Regular instances of fraudulent acts reveal a lack of openness in agriculture supply chains, raising worries about financial losses, eroding customer trust, and lowering corporate brand value. To develop an efficient and reliable trading environment, several fundamental modifications in the present supply chain architecture are required. There is broad consensus that blockchain can improve transparency in agriculture-food supply chains (agri-food SCs). Consumers now demand safe, sustainable, and equitable food production processes, and businesses are using blockchains and the internet of things to meet these needs. For enhanced responsiveness in agri-food SCs, new concepts have evolved that combine blockchains with various Industry 5.0 technologies (e.g., blockchain technology, big data, internet of things (IoT), radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communication (NFC), etc.). It is critical to cut through the hype and examine the technology’s limits, which might stymie its acceptance, implementation, and scalability in agri-food supply chains. This study presents Agri-SCM-BIoT (Agriculture Supply Chain Management using Blockchain and Internet of things) architecture to address the storage and scalability optimization, interoperability, security and privacy issues security, and privacy of personal data along with storage concerns with present single-chain agriculture supply chain systems. We also discussed the classification of security threats with IoT infrastructure and possible available blockchain-based defense mechanisms. Finally, we discussed the features of the proposed supply chain architecture, followed by a conclusion and future work.

Suggested Citation

  • Showkat Ahmad Bhat & Nen-Fu Huang & Ishfaq Bashir Sofi & Muhammad Sultan, 2021. "Agriculture-Food Supply Chain Management Based on Blockchain and IoT: A Narrative on Enterprise Blockchain Interoperability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:40-:d:714627
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Özalp Özer & Yanchong Zheng & Kay-Yut Chen, 2011. "Trust in Forecast Information Sharing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(6), pages 1111-1137, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alice Villar & Stefania Paladini & Oliver Buckley, 2023. "Towards Supply Chain 5.0: Redesigning Supply Chains as Resilient, Sustainable, and Human-Centric Systems in a Post-pandemic World," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 1-46, September.
    2. Liukun Wang & Chunjie Qi & Peng Jiang & Si Xiang, 2022. "The Impact of Blockchain Application on the Qualification Rate and Circulation Efficiency of Agricultural Products: A Simulation Analysis with Agent-Based Modelling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Taehyun Ko & Jaeram Lee & Daehyeon Park & Doojin Ryu, 2023. "Supply chain transparency as a signal of ethical production," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(3), pages 1565-1573, April.
    4. Rahal, Imen & Elloumi, Abdelkarim, 2021. "Inventory management of perishable products : a case of melon in Tunisia," MPRA Paper 118028, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Zakaria El Hathat & V. G. Venkatesh & Tarik Zouadi & V. Raja Sreedharan & Arunmozhi Manimuthu & Yangyan Shi, 2023. "Analyzing the greenhouse gas emissions in the palm oil supply chain in the VUCA world: A blockchain initiative," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(8), pages 5563-5582, December.
    6. Büşra Ayan & Elif Güner & Semen Son-Turan, 2022. "Blockchain Technology and Sustainability in Supply Chains and a Closer Look at Different Industries: A Mixed Method Approach," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-39, December.
    7. Martina Zámková & Stanislav Rojík & Martin Prokop & Simona Činčalová & Radek Stolín, 2022. "Czech Consumers’ Preference for Organic Products in Online Grocery Stores during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    8. Debesh Mishra & Kamalakanta Muduli & Rakesh Raut & Balkrishna Eknath Narkhede & Himanshu Shee & Sujoy Kumar Jana, 2023. "Challenges Facing Artificial Intelligence Adoption during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Investigation into the Agriculture and Agri-Food Supply Chain in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
    9. Xiangzhen Peng & Xin Zhang & Xiaoyi Wang & Haisheng Li & Jiping Xu & Zhiyao Zhao, 2022. "Multi-Chain Collaboration-Based Information Management and Control for the Rice Supply Chain," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-26, May.
    10. Rodney Tai-Chu Sheng & Yu-Hsiang Huang & Pin-Cheng Chan & Showkat Ahmad Bhat & Yi-Chien Wu & Nen-Fu Huang, 2022. "Rice Growth Stage Classification via RF-Based Machine Learning and Image Processing," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, December.
    11. Lovina Yogarajan & Mohammad Masukujjaman & Mohd Helmi Ali & Norlin Khalid & Lokhman Hakim Osman & Syed Shah Alam, 2023. "Exploring the Hype of Blockchain Adoption in Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-24, May.
    12. Aurora González-Vidal & José Mendoza-Bernal & Alfonso P. Ramallo & Miguel Ángel Zamora & Vicente Martínez & Antonio F. Skarmeta, 2022. "Smart Operation of Climatic Systems in a Greenhouse," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Amir Daneshvar & Reza Radfar & Peiman Ghasemi & Mahmonir Bayanati & Adel Pourghader Chobar, 2023. "Design of an Optimal Robust Possibilistic Model in the Distribution Chain Network of Agricultural Products with High Perishability under Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-22, July.

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